Umlando wamakhadi wakudala

Kuyavunywa ukuthi amakhadi okudlala ayekhona yasungulwa eChina phakathi noBukhosi BamaTang (c. 618-906). UPrincess Tongchang bekufanele adlale "umdlalo wamaqabunga," okungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyinguqulo yephepha yomdlalo wamadayisi, ngokuphambene nomdlalo wamakhadi wanamuhla. Kakade ngo-821-824, umbusi obusayo u-Muzong wayezokwenza shova amakhadi bese uwadlala ... Ngesikhathi sobukhosi beNgoma (960–1279), ukusungulwa kwamakhadi okudlala kwaqondana nokuvela kwamakhasi, athatha indawo yemiqulu emide eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambilini eyayisabalalisa amakhadi okudlala kuwo wonke umphakathi.

Amakhadi emali aseShayina lasendulo, njengawamanje, ayenamasudi amane:

zemali
amaketango ezinhlamvu (abukeka njengezinduku ezithombeni)
izinkulungwane (izinhlamvu zemali noma izintambo)
amashumi ezinkulungwane (amamiliyadi alingana ne-10).

Umbala ngamunye une-ideogram nenombolo yawo. Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi emidlalweni yasendulo yaseShayina, imali yamaphepha eyayisetshenziswa ekugembuleni nasekuhwebeni yayidlala indima yamakhadi.

Cishe ngekhulu leshumi nane, isiko lokudlala amakhadi lafika eYurophu, mhlawumbe kusuka eGibhithe noma eMpumalanga Ephakathi ... Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-14, isiko lokudlala amakhadi lasakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ekuqaleni, ama-postcard ayemba eqolo njengoba enziwa futhi ehlotshiswa ngesandla. Kusukela cishe ngo-1418, abenzi bamakhadi eNuremberg nase-Augustburg baqala ukukhiqiza amadekhi okuqala aphrintiwe.

Amakhadi ethu akudala

Ama-postcards okuqala cishe afika ezweni lakithi evela eJalimane - avela emadolobheni ethu ekhulwini le-15, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya kwaqala ngokushesha.

Kusukela ngekhulu le-18, amakhadi esitayela sesiFulentshi (izikali, izinhliziyo, amadayimane, amakilabhu) kanye negama legama elamukelwa lapho kancane kancane laqala ukubusa, kuyilapho amakhadi "endabuko" kancane kancane alahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwawo phakathi nekhulu le-19. Okwamanje, leli sampula (amadekhi angama-32) lidlalwa ku-skata eSilesia.

Amakhadi endabuko asePoland ayesekelwe kuphethini yesiJalimane - okungukuthi, izimpawu ezifanayo zazisetshenziswa: iwayini, elibomvu, i-acorn nensimbi. Izinombolo nazo zaziyisici: