Wadwebela izwe umugqa oqondile,
Ngokuba izulu, umnsalo uphezu kwawo;
Isikhala esimhlophe phakathi kosuku
egcwele izinkanyezi ebusuku;
Kwesokunxele iphoyinti lokuphuma kwelanga,
kwesokudla yiphoyinti lokushona kwelanga,
phezulu yiphuzu lasemini,
kanye nemvula nesimo sezulu esiguqubele
Imigqa egagasi yehla kuye.
Из "Izingoma ze-Hiawatha" UHenry Wadsworth Longfellow
Lapho abahloli bamazwe baseYurophu befika eMelika, aboMdabu baseMelika babengakhulumisani ngolimi olubhalwayo njengoba silwazi. Kunalokho, baxoxa izindaba (izindaba ezixoxwayo) futhi bakha izithombe nezimpawu. Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana aluyona nje kuphela abomdabu baseMelika kusukela kudala ngaphambi kokufika kokubhala, abantu emhlabeni wonke baqopha izehlakalo, imibono, izinhlelo, amamephu nemizwa ngokudweba izithombe nezimpawu ematsheni, esikhumbeni nakwezinye izindawo.
Izimpawu zomlando zezithombe zegama noma ibinzana zatholwa ngaphambi kuka-3000 BC. Lezi zimpawu, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-pictograms, zidalwe ngokudweba ezindaweni zamatshe ezinemibala yemvelo. Lezi mibala zemvelo zazihlanganisa i-iron oxides etholakala ku-hematite noma i-limonite, ubumba olumhlophe noma oluphuzi, kanye namadwala athambile, amalahle, namaminerali ethusi. Lezi mibala zemvelo ziye zahlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe iphalethi eliphuzi, elimhlophe, elibomvu, eliluhlaza okotshani, elimnyama neliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-pictograms angokomlando avame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwemisele evikelayo noma emihumeni lapho ayevikelwe khona ezintweni.
U-Paviotso Payute udala ama-petroglyphs ka-Edward S. Curtis, ngo-1924.
Enye indlela yokuxhumana efanayo, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-petroglyphs, iye yaqoshwa, yaqoshwa, noma yagqokwa ematsheni. Lo mucu kungenzeka wenze isiboboki esibonakalayo edwaleni, noma kungenzeka ukuthi ujule ngokwanele ukuze uveze izinto ezingashintshiwe zombala ohlukile ngaphansi.
Izimpawu zomdabu zaseMelika zazifana negama futhi ngokuvamile zinencazelo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kanye / noma zaziqukethe izincazelo ezihlukile. Ngokuhlukahluka kwezizwe ngezizwe, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuqonda incazelo yazo, kanti ezinye izimpawu zicacile kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi amaNdiya izizwe khuluma izilimi eziningi, izimpawu noma "ukudweba izithombe" kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa ukudlulisa amagama nemibono. Izimpawu nazo zazisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izindlu, zazipendwe ezikhumbeni zenyathi futhi ziqopha izenzakalo ezibalulekile zesizwe.
I-Petroglyphs Ehlathini Elihlatshiwe lase-Arizona, edalwe yi-National Park Service.
Lezi zithombe ziwubufakazi obubalulekile benkulumo yamasiko futhi zinokubaluleka okujulile ngokomoya kubantu banamuhla boMdabu baseMelika kanye nenzalo yezifiki zokuqala zaseSpain.
Ukufika kwabantu baseSpain eningizimu-ntshonalanga ngo-1540 kwaba nethonya elimangalisayo endleleni yokuphila yabantu basePueblo. Ngo-1680, izizwe zamaPueblo zavukela umbuso waseSpain futhi zaxosha abahlali endaweni babuyela e-El Paso. Texas ... Ngo-1692 abaseSpain bathuthela kule ndawo I-Albuquerque , isimo se-mexico entsha ... Ngenxa yokubuya kwabo, kwaba nethonya elivuselelwe lenkolo yamaKatolika, eladumaza ukuhlanganyela. AmaPuebloans emikhosini yabo eminingi yendabuko. Ngenxa yalokho, eminingi yale mikhuba yangena ngaphansi komhlaba futhi ingxenye enkulu yesithombe sasePuebloan yenqaba.
Kwakukhona izizathu eziningi zokudalwa kwama-petroglyphs, iningi lawo elingacacile ngokuphelele emphakathini wanamuhla. Ama-Petroglyphs angaphezulu nje kokuthi "ubuciko bedwala", ukudweba izithombe noma ukulingisa umhlaba wemvelo. Akufanele zididaniswe nama-hieroglyphs, okuyizimpawu ezisetshenziselwa ukumela amagama, futhi akufanele kubhekwe njengegraffiti yasendulo yaseNdiya. Ama-Petroglyphs ayizimpawu zamasiko ezinamandla ezibonisa imiphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi nezinkolo zezizwe ezizungezile.
Izimpawu Zomdabu ZaseMelika, AmaTotem Nezincazelo Zazo - Landa Ngedijithali
Umongo wesithombe ngasinye ubaluleke kakhulu futhi uyingxenye ebalulekile yencazelo yaso. Abantu bomdabu banamuhla bathi ukubekwa kwesithombe se-petroglyph bekungesona isinqumo esingahleliwe noma ngephutha. Amanye ama-petroglyphs anezincazelo ezaziwa kuphela yilabo abawadalile. Abanye bamele omaka besizwe, isibongo, isiwa, noma umphakathi. Ezinye zazo ziyizinhlangano zenkolo, kanti ezinye zibonisa ukuthi obani abeze endaweni nokuthi bayaphi. I-Petroglyphs isenayo incazelo yesimanje, kanti incazelo yabanye ayisaziwa, kodwa ihlonishwa ngokuba "yalabo ababekhona ngaphambili."
Kunezinkulungwane zama-pictograms nama-petroglyphs kulo lonke elase-United States, ngokugxila okukhulu eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yaseMelika. Ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye iPetroglyph National Monument eNew Mexico. Izazi zemivubukulo zilinganisela ukuthi le ndawo ingase ibe nama-petroglyphs angaphezu kuka-25000 endaweni eyi-17-mile escarpment. Iphesenti elincane lama-petroglyphs atholakala kudethi yepaki kusukela esikhathini sasePuebloan, ngokunokwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-2000 BC. Ezinye izithombe zisuka ezikhathini zomlando eziqala ngawo-1700s, nama-petroglyphs aqoshwe izifiki zakuqala zase-Spanish. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-90% yama-petroglyphs esikhumbuzo adalwe okhokho babantu banamuhla basePueblo. AbasePuebloan babehlala eRio Grande Valley ngisho nangaphambi kuka-AD 500, kodwa ukukhula kwenani labantu cishe ngo-AD 1300 kwaholela ezindlini eziningi ezintsha.
| Umcibisholo |  | Защита |
| Umcibisholo |  | Ukuqapha |
| Ngemva kwebheji |  | Ihlobo |
| Ibhere |  | Amandla |
| Bhele udladla |  | Isibikezelo esihle |
| Intaba enkulu |  | Inala enkulu |
| Inyoni |  | Abanaki, abanganaki |
| Umcibisholo ophukile |  | Izwe |
| Isiphambano esiphukile |  | Izinkathi ezine ezijikelezayo |
| Bafowethu |  | Ubunye, ukulingana, ukwethembeka |
| Roga Buivola |  | Impumelelo |
| Uphahla yinyathi |  | Ubungcwele, ukuhlonipha ukuphila |
| Butterfly |  | Ukuphila okungenakufa |
| Cactus |  | Uphawu logwadule |
| Izinyathelo ze-coyote ne-coyote |  | Umkhohlisi |
| Imicibisholo ephambanayo |  | Ubungane |
| Izinsuku-Ebusuku |  | Isikhathi siyahamba |
| Ngemva kwenyamazane |  | Dlala ngobuningi |
| Umnsalo nomcibisholo odwetshiwe |  | Ukuzingela |
| Isomisi |  | Inyama eningi |
| Ukhozi |  | Inkululeko |
| Uphaphe loKhozi |  | Induna |
| Okunamathiselwe |  | Imidanso yemikhosi |
| Ukuphela komkhondo |  | Ukuthula, ukuphela kwempi |
| Iso elibi |  | Lolu phawu luvikela isiqalekiso seso elibi. |
| Bhekana nemicibisholo |  | Ukubonakaliswa kwemimoya emibi |
| Iminyaka emine |  | Ubusana, Intsha, Ephakathi, Ebadala |
| Isigcilikisha |  | Uphawu logwadule |
| I-monster ye-Poisontooth |  | Isikhathi sokuphupha |
| Umoya Omkhulu |  | Umoya Omkhulu umqondo wamandla kamoya asemhlabeni wonke noma umuntu ophakeme okhona phakathi kwezizwe eziningi zaboMdabu baseMelika. |
| Ingubo yasekhanda |  | Ezomkhosi |
| Hogan |  | Ikhaya elihlala njalo |
| Ihhashi |  | tour |
| UKokopelli |  | I-Flutist, Ukuzala |
| ukukhanyisa |  | Amandla, Isivinini |
| Umbani wombani |  | Ukushesha |
| owesilisa |  | Ukuphila |
| Iso lenyanga |  | Ukuhlakanipha |
| Izinkanyezi zasekuseni |  | Ukuphathwa |
| Uhla lwezintaba |  | Indawo oya kuyo |
| Landelela |  | Kuwele |
| Ipayipi lokuthula |  | Umkhosi, ungcwele |
| Imvula |  | Isivuno esihle |
| Amafu emvula |  | Umbono omuhle |
| Imihlathi ye-Rattlesnake |  | Amandla |
| Isikhwama sesihlalo |  | tour |
| I-Skyband |  | Okuholela enjabulweni |
| Inyoka |  | Ukungalaleli |
| Imbali yethanga |  | Ukuzala |
| солнце |  | Injabulo |
| Imbali enelanga |  | Ukuzala |
| I-Sun god mask |  | UNkulunkulu weLanga ungumoya onamandla phakathi kwezizwe eziningi zamaNdiya. |
| Imisebe yelanga |  | Njalo |
| Swastika |  | Amagumbi amane omhlaba, ukuchuma |
| Izinhlobo |  | Ikhaya lesikhashana |
| Thunderbird |  | Injabulo Engenamkhawulo, Raincaller |
| Ithrekhi ye-Thunderbird |  | Umgwaqo okhanyayo |
| Amanzi ayasebenza |  | Ukuphila okuphakade |
| Udladla lwe-Wolf |  | Inkululeko, impumelelo |
| Zuni Bhele |  | Impilo enhle |
