Yiziphi izifo zezinwele ezithandwa kakhulu?

Nsuku zonke umuntu ulahlekelwa izinwele ezingaba ngu-50-100. Cishe nge-100 XNUMX yazo, lezi akuzona izinguquko eziphawulekayo. Njengoba sikhula, izinwele zomuntu ziba buthakathaka futhi zivame ukuqothuka. Nokho, lapho ukungapheleli okusobala kuqala ukubonakala ekhanda, lokhu kuwuphawu olucacile lokuthi kukhona okungathi sína okwenzekayo. Izinkinga zezinwele nezifo zithinta abantu kungakhathaliseki ubudala babo nobulili. Banezimbangela ezihlukahlukene ngendlela yokucindezeleka, isimo sofuzo noma izinqubo zokunakekela ezenziwe ngendlela engafanele. Ezinye izifo nezifo ezihlobene, isibonelo, ngokulinganisela okungalungile kwe-hormonal, kungabangela nokulahlekelwa izinwele. Ngasinye salezi zifo asijabulisi futhi singahlotshaniswa nokubhekana nezinto eziningi ezingemnandi ngasohlangothini lomphakathi.

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nezinwele

Isakhiwo sezinwele

Izinwele ziqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - impande nesiqu. Impande wucezu olusekhasini. Iqukethe izingqimba ezintathu: umnyombo, amagxolo kanye ne-cuticle yezinwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwempande kukhona i-bulb, ehlanganisa i-matrix ne-papilla yezinwele. I-matrix yilapho ama-melanocyte ekhona. Umbala wezinwele zomnikazi wabo uncike emalini yopende okhiqizwa kuwo. Insumpa yakhiwa iqembu lamaseli ezicubu ezixhumene. Ukulahlekelwa izinwele unomphela kubangelwa ukucekelwa phansi kwale ngxenye ethile yezinwele. Isiqu yingxenye yoboya ebonakala kubantu ngoba itholakala phezu kwesikhumba. Iqukethe i-hair core, i-cortex ne-sheath futhi ibangelwa i-keratinization yamaseli e-matrix ezinwele. Izinwele zikhula emgodleni wezinwele, okuwumgodi ku-epidermis. Nansi impande yezinwele nendawo okunamathiselwe kuyo umsipha we-paranasal. Imisipha ye-paranasal inesibopho sokuphakamisa izinwele futhi ibangele lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-goosebumps. Ukwehliswa kwayo kuyimpendulo ekugqugquzeleni okuthunyelwe yisimiso sezinzwa, futhi kwandisa ukugcinwa kwe-sebum. Izinwele zezinwele zizungezwe inani elikhulu lezinzwa nemithambo yegazi.

Ukukhula Kwezinwele

Ukuze izinwele zikhule kahle, kuyadingeka ukugcina ukuxhumana okulungile phakathi kwe-papilla ne-matrix yezinwele. Izinwele ekhanda zikhula ngesilinganiso sesentimitha elingu-1 cishe enyangeni engu-1. Ubukhulu bawo obumaphakathi bungama-70 µm. Ukukhula akuqhubeki futhi kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu. Ukukhula, noma i-anagen, kuthatha iminyaka emi-3-6 futhi kuthinta ama-80-85% azo zonke izinwele. Iqukethe ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli e-matrix ezinwele. Isigaba esilandelayo yi-involution, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-catagen, noma isikhathi soguquko lapho i-follicle yezinwele kancane kancane iba yi-keratinized futhi iya phezulu. Lokhu kuthatha cishe amasonto ambalwa futhi kuhlanganisa cishe u-1% wezinwele. Isigaba sokugcina ukuphumula, okungukuthi, i-telogen, ehlala cishe izinyanga ezingu-2-4. Ihlanganisa u-10-20% wezinwele futhi ibhekana nokulahlekelwa izinwele ezindala nokubukeka kwezinwele ezintsha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinwele nokukhula kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izimo zofuzo kanye ne-hormonal. Banomthwalo wemfanelo wezinwele ezeqile noma i-morphology yezinwele enquma uhlobo lwezinwele kuhlanga lwesintu olunikeziwe.

Izifo ezihambisana ne-alopecia

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokulahlekelwa izinwele

• ukungondleki okuholela ekuntulekeni kwamavithamini namaminerali;
• ukunakekelwa okungafanele, i.e. ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engafaneleki kulolu hlobo lwezinwele nokusetshenziswa kwabo okungalungile;
• izici zemishini ezifana nokuhlikihlwa kwezinwele emicamelo ezinsaneni kanye nezitayela zezinwele ezingafanele ezenza buthaka futhi zicindezele izinwele, njengehashi eliqinile eligqokwa amahora amade;
• ubuthi emzimbeni ngezinto ezinobuthi, njenge-mercury noma i-arsenic;
• ukulungiswa kofuzo;
• izifo ze-endocrine, i.e. izinkinga ngokukhiqizwa kwe-androgens, noma ubuthakathaka bezinwele ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamahomoni akhona ku-gland yegilo;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nobuthakathaka obuningi bomzimba;
• izifo zesikhumba - i-psoriasis, i-atopic dermatitis, i-seborrheic dermatitis;
• izifo ze-scalp - i-lichen planus, i-scleroderma elinganiselwe;
• izifo zezinwele - mycoses;
• izifo zesistimu - lupus erythematosus, i-discoid lupus erythematosus;
• ukusetshenziswa kwe-chemotherapy lapho kukhona izifo zesimila;
• ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile evimbela ukuzivikela komzimba, imishanguzo ye-antithyroid, kanye nemithi ethile eqeda amahlule.

Ukulahlekelwa izinwele ngokweqile, i-alopecia

Lokhu kungenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu zezinwele zekhanda. Kuthinta amadoda kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi, njengoba negama libonisa, ukulahlekelwa izinwele ngokweqile. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuncipha okuphawulekayo kwezinwele kanye nokuvela kwamabala empandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungaholela ku-alopecia engapheli noma yesikhashana, futhi iphinde ihlanganise yonke i-scalp noma endaweni elinganiselwe. I-Alopecia ingaba yi-cicatricial noma ngaphandle kwezibazi.

I-alopecia yesilisa ye-androgenetic

Kuyisifo esihlasela wonke umuntu. Ngokuvamile iqala ngemva kweminyaka engu-40, nakuba ingase ivele nakwabasha. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu ababenenkinga ye-seborrhea noma i-oily dandruff ngesikhathi sokukhula. Uma iqala ukuvela, iqhubeka ngokushesha nangokwengeziwe. I-Androgenetic alopecia itholakala ngofuzo njengofuzo oluvelele lwe-autosomal. I-Androgens, noma amahomoni ocansi, abangela izimpande zezinwele ezibucayi ukuthi ziyeke "ukubamba" izinwele zomuntu ngamunye. I-Alopecia iqala ngokufafaza amakhona angaphambili nomqhele. Lapho ephakama amathuba okuba nempandla, izihlobo ziyanda I no-II. izinga lokuhlushwa yilesi sifo. Uma ufuna ukwelapha isifo esifana ne-androgenetic alopecia, kufanele ucabange ukuthi le nqubo iyaqhubeka ngoba ihlanganisa izakhi zofuzo ezingenakuguqulwa. Uma uyeka ukuphuza imithi yakho, izinwele zakho zizokhula futhi. Yiziphi izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izixazululo ze-minoxidil ne-finasteride. Ngenxa yabo, izinwele ziyeka ukuwa, futhi ziphinde zibe mkhulu futhi ziqine. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngemva kweminyaka emi-2 yokusetshenziswa.

I-Androgenetic alopecia iphethini yabesifazane

I-Androgenetic alopecia ayivamile kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa. Ngokuvamile ivela eminyakeni yobudala engama-30. Izibonakalisa ngokwandiswa kwengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi ngaphezu kwekhanda. Lapho owesifazane ese-postmenopausal, inani lama-estrogens emzimbeni wakhe liyancipha, ngakho-ke ama-androgens aqala ukubusa futhi abambe iqhaza ekubukeni kwe-alopecia. Kwabesifazane, i-androgenetic alopecia ibonakala ngokuyinhloko ngokulahlekelwa izinwele ngokweqile. Kodwa-ke, ingavela futhi isebenze "ngokunamandla" ngenxa yezinto zokuhlanza eziqukethwe emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwezinwele. Uma ufuna ukwelapha ukugula, kuzodingeka ucabangele inqubo ende engasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ekwelapheni lesi sifo kwabesifazane, 2% izixazululo minoxidil nazo zisetshenziswa. Imithi yokuvimbela inzalo yama-hormone nayo iyasiza.

I-Alopecia areata

I-Alopecia areata yenzeka ku-1-2% wabantu abaningi futhi ihlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwamasosha omzimba, kanye nezifo ezihambisana nokuzivikela komzimba. Ngokuvamile abantu abaphethwe yiso baphinde baphathwe yizimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-atopy noma i-atopic dermatitis, noma abantu abane-Down syndrome. I-Alopecia areata ayitholakali kuphela esikhumbeni, kodwa futhi, isibonelo, ebusweni (amashiya, ama-eyelashes) noma endaweni yangasese. Lokhu kungase kube okungunaphakade noma okwesikhashana, futhi kungase kube nokubuyela emuva. Izimpawu ze-alopecia areata ikakhulukazi ziyi-oval noma i-round foci. Isikhumba sezilonda sinophondo lwendlovu noma sibomvu kancane. Emaphethelweni abo, izinwele zivame ukuphuka. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-alopecia areata - ukusabalalisa i-alopecia areata (ukulahlekelwa izinwele endaweni enkulu), i-alopecia serpentine (ukulahlekelwa izinwele ekhanda, ikakhulukazi emathempelini nangemuva kwekhanda), i-alopecia evamile, okungukuthi, i-alopecia ephelele (izinwele). ukulahlekelwa phezu kwekhanda lonke, kuhlanganise nobuso) kanye ne-alopecia yendawo yonke (ukulahlekelwa izinwele kuwo wonke umzimba). Indlela yokwelapha i-alopecia areata incike endaweni ethintekile yilesi sifo. Uma kuyindawo encane nje, kunethuba lokuthi izohamba ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, i-zinc inconywa ukuthi ithathwe ngomlomo izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ne-corticosteroids ngendlela yezixazululo noma okhilimu, kanye ne-cyclosporine. Uma uyeka ukuphuza yomibili le mithi, maningi amathuba okuthi izinwele zakho ziphinde ziwe. Ekulweni ne-alopecia areata, i-photochemotherapy nayo iyanconywa, i.e. ukukhishwa kwemisebe yezindawo ezithintekile kanye nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-topical (i-dipcyprone (PrEP) ne-dibutylester), okungaholela ekukhuleni kabusha kwezinwele okuphelele.

I-Trichotillomania

Kuyisifo sengqondo esivame ukubangelwa ukucindezeleka noma ukwesaba. Kubandakanya ukususwa ngomshini kwezinwele ezigulayo ngokuthi: ukuzikhipha, ukuzihlikihla, ukuzikhipha nokuzikhipha, ukusika kufushane kakhulu. I-Trichotillomania ivame kakhulu ezinganeni nasebancane (leli qembu lifinyelela ku-60% weziguli). Kubangelwa ukucindezeleka ngokweqile, ukuzikhandla ngokweqile nokukhathazeka okuhambisana nokuthomba. Abesifazane bagula izikhathi eziningana kaningi kunamadoda, njengoba bengakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga nokukhathazeka okungadingekile. Kubantu abadala, lesi sifo sivame ukubangelwa ezinye izifo, ukucindezeleka nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. I-Trichotillomania ibonakala ngokubonakala kwezilonda ezimise ngendlela engavamile endaweni ye-fronto-parietal, nokopha okubonakalayo okuvela ezimpandeni zezinwele. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo noma kwengqondo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha okugcoba kanye nama-shampoos e-antipruritic ezingane futhi, esimweni sabadala, ama-antidepressants.

Ezinye izifo zezinwele nekhanda.

• izinwele ngokweqile1. I-Hirsutism yisifo esithinta abesifazane ebuntwaneni, esibonakaliswa ukukhula kwezinwele ngokweqile ezindaweni ezithinta izinwele zabesilisa. Kubangelwa isenzo eseqile se-androgens. 2. I-Hypertrichosis - ukukhula kwezinwele ngokweqile kuwo wonke umzimba noma ezindaweni ezithile kuphela. Ivame ukuvela ebuntwaneni noma ebusheni. Kuye ngecala, lokhu kungase kube isifo esitholakalayo noma sokuzalwa. Ngokuvamile amadoda ayagula.
• i-anemia - izibonakalisa ngomzimba omncane, obuthakathaka futhi obuthakathaka, kanye nezinwele eziwela ngokweqile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwamavithamini nezakhamzimba.
• I-seborrheic dermatitis kanye ne-atopic dermatitis, zombili izifo ziqhubeka ngendlela efanayo. Zibonakaliswa ngokugcoba ngokweqile kanye ne-dandruff, kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele okukhulu.
• I-Dandruff - Kungaba komile noma kube manzi. Ibonakala ekuchithweni kwe-epidermis eyomile. Kungaba isifo sofuzo, i-hormonal noma isikhunta.
• Izinwele ezihlukanisiwe - ngokuvamile lokhu kubangelwa ukunakekelwa okungafanele, okuholela ekubhujisweni okungenakuguqulwa kwe-cuticle yezinwele.
• Izinwele ezinhle Lokhu kubangelwa ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-sebum, okungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi.