Amedeo Modigliani. Iyini ingqayizivele yomculi

I-biography ka-Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920) ifana nenoveli ekhuluma ngobuhlakani bakudala.

Ukuphila kufushane njengokukhanya. Ukufa kusenesikhathi. Inkazimulo evale izindlebe ngemva kokushona kwakhe eyameqa ngokoqobo ngosuku lomngcwabo.

Intengo yemidwebo eshiywe ngumdwebi njengenkokhelo yesidlo sasemini esitolo ngobusuku bonke ifinyelela amashumi ezigidi zamaRandi!

Kanye nothando lwempilo yonke. Intombazane enhle ebukeka njengoPrincess Rapunzel. Futhi le nhlekelele imbi kakhulu kunendaba kaRomeo noJuliet.

Ukube bekungelona iqiniso lonke, ngabe ngahona: “O, lokhu akwenzeki ekuphileni! Isonte kakhulu. Ukuzwela kakhulu. Kubuhlungu kakhulu."

Kodwa konke kuyenzeka empilweni. Futhi lokhu kumayelana noModigliani.

I-Modigliani ehlukile

U-Modigliani uyindida kimina njengoba engekho omunye umculi. Ngesizathu esisodwa esilula. Wakwazi kanjani ukudala cishe yonke imisebenzi yakhe ngesitayela esifanayo, futhi eyingqayizivele?

Usebenze eParis, wakhuluma noPicasso, UMatisse. Wabona umsebenzi UClaude Monet и Gauguin. Kodwa akazange awele ngaphansi kwethonya lanoma ubani.

Kubonakala sengathi wazalelwa futhi ehlala esiqhingini esiwugwadule. Futhi lapho wabhala yonke imisebenzi yakhe. Ngaphandle uma ngibone izifihla-buso zase-Afrika. Futhi, mhlawumbe imisebenzi embalwa kaCezanne no-El Greco. Futhi wonke umdwebo wakhe cishe awunakho ukungcola.

Uma ubheka imisebenzi yokuqala yanoma yimuphi umculi, uzoqonda ukuthi ekuqaleni wayezifunela yena. Abantu besikhathi sikaModigliani bavame ukuqala impressionism... Kanjani I-Picasso noma Munch. Futhi ngisho Malevich.

Isithombe kanye ne-El Greco

E-Modigliani, ngeke usithole lesi sikhathi sokuzifunela wena. Yiqiniso, umdwebo wakhe washintsha kancane ngemva kokuba eseneminyaka engu-5 eqopha.

Nansi imisebenzi emibili edalwe ngaphambi nangemva kwenkathi yokuqopha.

Kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi isifanekiso sikaModigliani sidluliswa kangakanani emdwebeni. Ubude bakhe obudumile bubuye buvele. Nentamo ende. Futhi sketchy ngamabomu.

Wayefuna ngempela ukuqhubeka eqopha. Kodwa kusukela ebuntwaneni, wayenamaphaphu agulayo: isifo sofuba sasibuya ngezikhathi ezithile. Futhi izingcezu zamatshe nezemabula zabhebhethekisa ukugula kwakhe.

Ngakho-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, wabuyela ukudweba.

Ngingathanda futhi ukubheka ukuxhumana phakathi kwemisebenzi kaModigliani kanye nemisebenzi ka-El Greco. Futhi akukhona nje mayelana nobude bobuso nezibalo.

Ku-El Greco, umzimba uyigobolondo elincanyana lapho umphefumulo womuntu ukhanya khona.

U-Amedeo ulandele indlela efanayo. Phela abantu abasezithombeni zakhe abafani neze nezangempela. Kunalokho, lidlulisela isimilo, umphefumulo. Ukwengeza into umuntu angayibonanga esibukweni. Isibonelo, i-asymmetry yobuso nomzimba.

Lokhu kungabonakala naseCezanne. Ubuye njalo enze amehlo abalingiswa bakhe ahluke. Bheka isithombe somkakhe. Kubonakala sengathi sifunda emehlweni akhe: “Uqhamuke ngani futhi? Ungenza ngihlale nesiphunzi lapha..."

Isithombe sika-Modigliani

Modigliani wapenda abantu. Izimpilo ezisekhona zinganakwa ngokuphelele. Izwe lakhe liyivelakancane kakhulu.

Unezithombe eziningi zabangane nabantu abajwayele ezivela kubahambeli bakhe. Bonke babehlala, basebenza futhi badlala esifundeni saseMontparnasse eParis. Lapha, abaculi abampofu baqasha izindlu ezishibhile futhi baya ezindaweni zokudlela eziseduze. Utshwala, i-hashish, imikhosi kuze kube sekuseni.

U-Amedeo wayenakekela ikakhulukazi i-Chaim Soutine engathandeki futhi ezwelayo. Iciko elizidlayo, eligodliwe futhi langempela: yonke ingqikithi yalo iphambi kwethu.

Amehlo abheke ezinhlangothini ezahlukene, ikhala eligwegwile, amahlombe ahlukene. Futhi nohlelo lombala: brown-grey-blue. Itafula elinemilenze emide kakhulu. Nengilazi encane.

Kukho konke lokhu umuntu ufunda isizungu, ukungakwazi ukuphila. Yebo, eqinisweni, ngaphandle kokuthopha.

U-Amedeo akazange abhale abangani kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu abangabazi.

Akanakho ukubusa komzwelo owodwa. Njengokuthi, hlekisa wonke umuntu. Ukuthintwa - ngakho wonke umuntu.

Lapha, phezu kwalo mbhangqwana, uyahlekisa ngokusobala. Umnumzane osemnyakeni ushada nentombazane ezalwe ezithobile. Kuye, lo mshado uyithuba lokuxazulula izinkinga zezimali.

Ukusikwa kwempungushe kwamehlo anobuqili namacici anenhlamba kancane kusiza ukufunda imvelo yakhe. Futhi kuthiwani ngomkhwenyana, uyazi?

Lapha uphakamise ukhololo ngapha, wehliswe ngapha. Akafuni ukucabanga kahle eduze kukamakoti ogcwele ubusha.

Kodwa umculi uyazisola ngokungapheli ngale ntombazane. Inhlanganisela yokubuka kwakhe okuvulekile, izingalo ezigoqiwe kanye nemilenze eqinile ikhuluma nathi ngobuwula obukhulu kanye nokungakwazi ukuzivikela.

Hhayi-ke, ungayihawukeli kanjani ingane enjalo!

Njengoba ubona, isithombe ngasinye siwumhlaba wonke wabantu. Ngokufunda abalingiswa babo, singaqagela ngisho nesiphetho sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, isiphetho Chaim Soutine.

Maye, nakuba ezolinda ukuqashelwa, kodwa esevele egula kakhulu. Ukuhluleka ukuzinakekela kuzomholela ekubeni nezilonda zesisu kanye nokuzakana okukhulu.

Futhi ukukhathazeka ngokushushiswa kwamaNazi phakathi nempi kuzomyisa ethuneni.

Kodwa u-Amedeo ngeke azi ngalokhu: uzofa eminyakeni engu-20 ngaphambili kunomngane wakhe.

Abesifazane baseModigliani

UModigliani wayeyindoda ekhangayo kakhulu. UmNtaliyane ongumJuda, wayethandeka futhi enobudlelwane. Abesifazane, yebo, abakwazanga ukumelana.

Wayenabaningi. Kubandakanya ukuthi uhlonishwa ngokuthandana okufushane no-Anna Akhmatova.

Waphika impilo yakhe yonke. Imidwebo eminingi ka-Amedeo eyethulwe kuye ngesithombe sakhe yavele yashabalala. Ngoba zazisesitayeleni samaNu?

Kodwa abanye basasinda. Futhi ngokusho kwabo, sicabanga ukuthi laba bantu babenokusondelana.

Kodwa owesifazane oyinhloko ekuphileni kukaModigliani kwakunguJeanne Hebuterne. Wayesangene emthanda. Naye wayenemizwa yothando ngaye. Ethambile kangangokuthi wayesekulungele ukushada.

Uphinde wapenda inqwaba yezithombe zakhe. Futhi phakathi kwabo, akekho noyedwa uNu.

Ngimbiza ngoPrincess Rapunzel ngenxa yokuthi wayenezinwele ezinde neziwugqinsi. Futhi njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ngoModigliani, izithombe zakhe azifani neze nesithombe sangempela. Kodwa isimilo sakhe siyafundeka. Ukuzola, okunengqondo, uthando olungapheli.

U-Amedeo, nakuba ayengumphefumulo wenkampani, wayeziphatha ngendlela ehlukile nabathandekayo. Ukuphuza, i-hashish kuyingxenye yempi. Wayekwazi ukuvutha uma edakiwe.

U-Zhanna wabhekana kalula nalokhu, ethulisa isithandwa sakhe esithukuthele ngamazwi nangezenzo zakhe.

Futhi nasi isithombe sakhe sokugcina. Ukhulelwe ingane yesibili. Okungukuthi, maye, kwakungamiselwe ukuzalwa.

Ebuya esitolo esidakiwe nabangane bakhe, uModigliani waqaqa ibhantshi lakhe. Wangenwa umkhuhlane. Amaphaphu akhe, enziwe buthaka ngenxa yesifo sofuba, akakwazanga ukumelana nakho - washona ngakusasa ngenxa ye-meningitis.

Futhi uJeanne wayemncane kakhulu futhi esothandweni. Akazange azinike isikhathi sokululama ekulahlekelweni. Engakwazi ukubekezelela ukwehlukana kwaphakade noModigliani, wagxuma waphuma ngefasitela. Ukuba senyangeni yesishiyagalolunye yokukhulelwa.

Indodakazi yabo yokuqala yathathwa uDade Modigliani. Lapho ekhula, waba umbhali wokuphila kukayise.

No Modigliani

Iningi le-Nu Modigliani elakhiwe ngo-1917-18. Bekuyi-oda elivela kumdayisi wezobuciko. Imisebenzi enjalo ithengwe kahle, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushona komculi.

Ngakho-ke iningi labo lisesemaqoqweni angasese. Ngakwazi ukuyithola eMetropolitan Museum (eNew York).

Bona ukuthi umzimba wemodeli unqunywe kanjani emaphethelweni esithombe endaweni yezindololwane namadolo. Ngakho umculi umsondeza eduze nesibukeli. Ungena endaweni yakhe. Yebo, akumangalisi ukuthi imisebenzi enjalo ithengwe kahle.

Ngo-1917, umdayisi wezobuciko wenza umbukiso walezi nqunu. Kodwa ngemva kwehora kwavalwa, kucatshangelwa umsebenzi kaModigliani njengongenasizotha.

Ini? Futhi lokhu ngo-1918? Lapho ubunqunu babhalwa yiwo wonke umuntu kanye nokunye?

Yebo, sabhala kakhulu. Kodwa abesifazane ekahle futhi abstract. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuba khona kwemininingwane eyodwa ebalulekile - ama-armpits abushelelezi ngaphandle kwezinwele. Yebo, yilokho-ke amaphoyisa ayedidekile.

Ngakho ukuntuleka kokususwa kwezinwele kwaba isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuthi imodeli ingunkulunkulukazi noma owesifazane wangempela. Ingabe ifanele ukuboniswa emphakathini noma kufanele isuswe emehlweni.

I-Modigliani ihlukile ngisho nangemva kokufa

UModigliani ungumculi okopishwe kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuwo wonke ama-original, kukhona ama-fakes angu-3! Lesi isimo esiyingqayizivele.

Kwenzeke kanjani?

Konke kumayelana nempilo yeciko. Wayempofu kakhulu. Futhi njengoba ngike ngabhala, wayevame ukukhokha ngemidwebo yokudla kwasemini emathilomu. Wenza okufanayo van Gogo, usho.

Kodwa lona wagcina ebhalelana nomfowabo. Kwakusuka ezincwadini lapho kwahlanganiswa ikhathalogi ephelele yemibhalo yokuqala kaVan Gogh.

Kodwa uModigliani akazange abhale umsebenzi wakhe. Futhi waduma ngosuku lomngcwabo wakhe. Abadayisi bezobuciko abangathembekile basizakala ngalokhu, futhi inqwaba yezinto zomgunyathi yagcwala emakethe.

Futhi kwakukhona amagagasi amaningana anjalo, ngokushesha nje lapho amanani emidwebo kaModigliani ephinde eqa futhi.

Kuze kube manje, ayikho ikhathalogi eyodwa ethembekile yemisebenzi yalo mculi okhaliphile.

Ngakho-ke, isimo ngombukiso eGenoa (2017), lapho iningi lemisebenzi yenkosi iphenduke inkohliso, ikude nokugcina.

Singathembela kuphela kumbono wethu lapho sibheka umsebenzi wakhe emibukisweni ...

***

Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.