Isifungo seHoratii: yini eyingqayizivele yobuciko obuhle bukaJacques-Louis David

UDAVIDE wayengenalo ithuba lokuthi AKABE nodumo. Wakha umsebenzi owazamazamisa umhlaba wezobuciko.

Ngo-1784, eminyakeni emi-5 ngaphambi kweNguquko YaseFrance, wadala i-Horatii Oath. Wayibhalela iNkosi uLouis XVI. Kodwa waba uphawu lokungesabi kwabavukeli.

Yini emenza ahluke kangaka? Futhi kungani umdwebo osekelwe endabeni yomlando wamaRoma, ayephila ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC, wajabulisa abantu besikhathi sikaDavide kangaka? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kungani emhlabeni kujabulisa izinhliziyo zethu nawe?

Isakhiwo somdwebo "Isifungo seHoratii"

Njengoba kuvame ukuba njalo ngemidwebo enjalo, okuningi kuyacaca ngemva kokutadisha isakhiwo.

UDavide wathatha njengesisekelo indaba yesazi-mlando sasendulo esingumRoma uTitus Livius.

Kanye, emakhulwini angu-25 ngaphambili, kwaqhudelana amadolobha amabili: iRoma ne-Alba Longa. Ukuhlaselana njalo kwabenza baba buthaka. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, bobabili babe nesitha sangaphandle - ama-barbarians.

Ngakho-ke, ababusi bamadolobha banquma ukudambisa ukuziqhenya kwabo futhi bavumelana. Vumela impi yamaqhawe angcono kakhulu inqume ingxabano yabo yesikhathi eside. Futhi owinile kuyoba yilowo iqhawe lakhe elisinda empini.

Kwakhethwa abazalwane abathathu bomndeni wakwaHoratii eRoma. Kusuka ku-Alba Longa, abazalwane abathathu abavela emndenini wakwaCuriatii. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imindeni yayixhunywe izibopho zomkhaya. Futhi abazalwane babengabazala komunye nomunye.

Ngakho uDavide wabonisa indlela abafowabo bakaHorace abafunga ngayo kuyise ukunqoba noma ukufa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi senzakalo asikho emlandweni kaTitus Livius.

Nokho, yilesi senzakalo esasungulwa uDavide ngokwakhe esiwubonisa ngokunembe kakhulu umbono wezwe wamaRoma asendulo. Umsebenzi we-Motherland ubaluleke kakhulu kunomsebenzi womndeni. Umsebenzi wowesifazane ukulalela, nendoda ukulwa. Indima yeQhawe ibaluleke kakhulu kunendima yoMyeni noBaba.

Kwakunjalo ngempela. Abesifazane baseRoma basendulo babengenalo ilungelo lokuphazamisa lolu hlelo. Futhi esithombeni sikaDavide lokhu kubonakala kahle kakhulu.

Maqhawe madoda. Yonke imisipha yabo iqinile. Bamile balungele ukulwa. Isifungo sabo sokusindisa iRoma sizwakala sinomsindo omkhulu. Futhi akusho lutho kubo ukuthi izingane zabo zizosala zingenayise, abafazi bengenamadoda, abazali bengenamadodana.

Kunoma ikuphi, umndeni uzolahlekelwa, ulahlekelwe kakhulu. Futhi akekho olungele ukwenza noma yini. Umsebenzi eRoma ubaluleke kakhulu.

Sibona abesifazane abathathu ababuthakathaka nabahluphekayo abakuqondayo lokhu. Kodwa abakwazi ukwenza lutho...

Umama wabazalwane ugone abazukulu bakhe. Lezi zingane zomunye wamaqhawe amile. Umkakhe uhlezi eduze kwethu. Futhi ungudadewabo womunye wabazalwane... abakwaCuriatii.

Ngakho-ke, sikhuluma ngokubhujiswa okuzayo kwemindeni emibili, hhayi eyodwa. Lona wesifazane uzoba nomfowabo noma umyeni. Cishe kokubili.

Maphakathi sibona uCamilla, udadewabo wabazalwane bakwaHoratii. Uthembisene umshado nomunye wabazalwane baseCuriatii. Futhi usizi lwakhe alunamingcele. Naye uzolahlekelwa yingoduso noma abafowabo. Noma mhlawumbe wonke umuntu.

Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi abazalwane bakaHorace balungele ukulwa, ngoba lowo ngumsebenzi futhi umuntu akakwazi ukungalaleli ubaba. Futhi ekujuleni badatshulwe ukungabaza. Baphinde baba lusizi ngokuhlukana okuphakade okungenzeka nomama wabo, unkosikazi, udadewabo. Uyise ubacela ukuba bafunge, futhi yena ngokwakhe uyacabanga: “Ngikudingani konke lokhu? Izingane zami lezi."

Cha. Okubuhlungu wukuthi ayikwenzi lokho. Phela siyakwazi ukuqhubeka kwalendaba. Kuzokwenzekani kulaba bantu ngokuqhubekayo, emva kwalesi sifungo ...

Impi izobakhona. Oyedwa kuphela wamaHoratii oyosinda. IRoma iyajabula: unqobile.

Iqhawe libuyela ekhaya. Futhi ubona ukuthi udadewabo uCamilla uzilela ingoduso yakhe eshonile, eshone emndenini wakwaCuriatian. Yebo, wehluleka ukuzibamba izinyembezi. Wayemthanda. Kuye, ibaluleke kakhulu kuneRoma.

Umfowabo wagcwala intukuthelo: akalokothi abeke isibindi sokuthanda indoda ngaphezu kothando lweRoma! Futhi wabulala udadewabo.

UQhawe wanquma ukwahlulela. Kodwa uyise, indodakazi yakhe okwakunguCamilla, wamvikela! Ucela inkantolo ukuba imthethelele uHorace, njengoba ebeka umsebenzi kuMotherland ngaphezu kothando ngodadewabo. Futhi wayeqinisile ukumbulala...

Yebo, izikhathi ezahlukene, amasiko ahlukene. Kodwa ngemva kwalokho sizobona ukuthi kukhona esifana ngakho nabo. Okwamanje, ngiphakamisa ukubona ukuthi uDavide wathola kubani ugqozi nokuthi yini eyingqayizivele yomsebenzi wakhe.

Ubani owaphefumulela uJacques Louis David

UDavide waqhathanisa amandla owesilisa nomoya wokulwa nokuthamba kowesifazane nothando lomkhaya.

Lo mehluko onamandla kakhulu utholakala ekwakhekeni kwesithombe.

"Ingxenye" ​​yesilisa yesithombe yonke yakhelwe emigqeni eqondile nasemakhoneni acijile. Amadoda aneluliwe, izinkemba ziphakanyisiwe, imilenze ihlukene. Ngisho nemibono iqondile, indawo ehlabayo.

Futhi "ingxenye" ​​yesifazane iwuketshezi futhi ibushelelezi. Abesifazane bahlala, bahlezi, izandla zabo zibhalwe emigqeni yamagagasi. Ziphansi ngokubonakalayo futhi, njengokungathi, zisesimweni esingaphansi.

Siphinde sibone imibala. Izingubo zamadoda zinemibala egqamile, abesifazane bafiphele.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo ezungezile i-ascetic futhi ... i-masculine. Amathayela aphansi namakhothamo anamakholomu aqinile we-Doric. UDavide, njengokungathi, ugcizelela ukuthi leli zwe lingaphansi kwentando yowesilisa. Futhi ngokumelene nesizinda esinjalo, ubuthakathaka babesifazane buzwakala nakakhulu. 

Ngokokuqala ngqa, u-Titian waqala ukusebenzisa umphumela wokubonisa okuphambene emisebenzini yakhe. 2,5 eminyaka ngaphambi kukaDavide.

Inkosi yeRenaissance yasebenzisa umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kokuhle nokubi emidwebeni yayo noDanae omuhle kanye nesigqilakazi esinyanyekayo.

Yiqiniso, kwakungekho ngaphandle kwethonya likaPoussin, owadala isitayela se-classicism emuva ekhulwini le-1,5, emakhulwini angu-XNUMX ngaphambi kukaDavide.

Singakwazi ngisho nokuhlangana naye amasosha aseRoma, okusobala ukuthi aphefumulela uDavide ngezimo zawo ukuze enze “Isifungo samaHoratii” (ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokunxele).

Ngakho-ke, isitayela sikaDavid sibizwa ngokuthi i-neoclassicism. Phela, wakha imidwebo yakhe phezu ifa elihle Poussin kanye umbono wezwe lasendulo.

Isiprofetho sikaDavide

Ngakho, uDavide waqhubeka nomsebenzi kaPoussin. Kodwa phakathi kukaPoussin noDavid babeka kwalasha - inkathi yeRococo. Futhi wayehluke ngokuphelele kwe-neoclassicism.

"Isifungo seHoratii" saba yindawo yamanzi phakathi kwezwe ezimbili: owesilisa nowesifazane. Umhlaba wothando, ukuzijabulisa, ukuba lula kanye nezwe legazi, impindiselo, impi.

UDavid waba ngowokuqala ukuzwa izinguquko ezizayo zezinkathi. Futhi wabeka abesifazane abathambile ezweni elingakhululekile, eliqinile labesilisa.

Yilokhu okwakusemidwebo ngaphambi kokuthi "Isifungo seHoratii". Leyo migqa elula kakhulu futhi enyakazayo: ukudlala ngothando nokuhleka, uzungu kanye nezindaba zothando.

Futhi yilokhu okwenzeka ngemva: ukuvukela umbuso, ukufa, ukukhaphela, ukubulala. 

UDavide wabikezela izinto ezizayo. Kuzoba nempi futhi kuzoba khona abalimalayo. Wakubonisa lokhu esibonelweni semikhaya emibili: owakwaHoratii nowakwaCuriatii. Futhi eminyakeni emi-5 ngemva komdwebo walesi sithombe, ishwa elinjalo lafika cishe kuyo yonke imindeni. I-French Revolution isiqalile.

Yiqiniso, abantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi babedidekile. UDavide wawudala kanjani umsebenzi onjalo ngobusuku bangaphambi kweNguquko? Babembheka njengomprofethi. Futhi umdwebo wakhe usuphenduke uphawu lomzabalazo wenkululeko.

Nakuba ekuqaleni uDavid wayibhala ukuze a-ode uLouis XVI. Kodwa lokhu akumvimbanga ukuthi avotele ukubulawa kwekhasimende lakhe.

Yebo, inkosi yayisohlangothini lwenguquko. Kodwa lokho akunandaba. Umdwebo wakhe uyisiprofetho saphakade. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sizama kangakanani, umlando uyajikeleza. Futhi sibhekene nokukhetha kaninginingi.

Yebo, izwe lethu manje liyakubona ukubaluleka komkhaya. Kodwa emva kwakho konke, muva nje siye sabhekana nokwesabeka kokuzikhethela. Uma uyise emelene nendodana, nomfowabo emelene nomfowabo. 

Ngakho-ke, isithombe sijabulisa izinhliziyo zethu. Sisayikhumbula imiphumela yesinqumo esibi. Ngisho ngokwezindaba zokhokho bethu. Ngakho-ke, umlando womndeni wakwaHoratii uyasithinta. Nakuba laba bantu babephila emakhulwini angu-27 eminyaka edlule.

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Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.