Konstantin Korovin. I-Impressionist yethu

Ngaphambi kwethu kunesithombe sikaKonstantin Alekseevich Korovin. Uyibhalile UValentin Serov. Ngendlela engavamile kakhulu.

Bheka isandla somculi, lesi esisemcamelweni onemigqa. Imivimbo embalwa. Futhi konke okunye, ngaphandle kobuso, kubhalwe ngendlela kaKorovin ngokwakhe.

Ngakho-ke uSerov wadlala ihlaya, noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, wabonisa ukutuswa kwesitayela somdwebo we-Korovinskaya.

UKonstantin Korovin (1861-1939) akajwayelekile kwabaningi kunokuba masithi Phinda uphindwe, Savrasov noma Shishkin.

Kodwa kwaba lo mculi owaletha aesthetics entsha ngokuphelele Russian emihle art - aesthetics impressionism.

Akagcinanga nje ngokuyiletha. Wayeyi-impressionist yaseRussia engaguquki kakhulu.

Yebo, singabona kwabanye abaculi baseRussia isikhathi sokushisekela i-impressionism. I-Serov efanayo ngisho ne-Repin (i-realist eqinile, ngendlela).

Kodwa uKorovin kuphela owayengumdlali othembekile we-impressionism impilo yakhe yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yakhe yokuza kulesi sitayela iyathakazelisa kakhulu.

UKorovin waba kanjani i-impressionist

Uma ungayazi i-biography ye-Korovin, cishe uzocabanga: "Kusobala ukuthi umculi wavakashela eParis, wagcwala impressionism yesiFulentshi futhi wayiletha eRussia."

Ngokumangalisayo, akunjalo. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ngesitayela se-impressionist yadalwa eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kohambo lwakhe lokuya eFrance.

Nansi enye yemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala enjalo, uKorovin ngokwakhe ayeziqhenya ngayo. "Umkhongi".

Intombazane embi ependwe ngaphandle. Njengoba kufanele wonke ama-impressionists. Imivimbo ehlukile, hhayi efihliwe. Ukunganaki nokubhala kalula.

Ngisho ne-pose yentombazane i-impressionistic - ikhululekile, yawa kancane. Kunzima ukuma kulesi sikhundla isikhathi eside. I-impressionist yeqiniso kuphela izobhala ngokushesha, ngemizuzu engu-10-15, ukuze imodeli ingakhathali.

Kodwa akulula kangako. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi isiginesha nosuku kuhlukile kwenye. Abagxeki bezobuciko bebelokhu bengabaza ukuthi uKorovin wayengadala ubuciko obunjalo ngo-1883. Okungukuthi, eneminyaka engu-22 ubudala!

Futhi baphakamisa ukuthi umculi usidukise ngamabomu ngokubhala usuku lwangaphambili. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuzitholela ilungelo lokubizwa ngokuthi i-impressionist yokuqala yaseRussia. Ubani owaqala ukudala imisebenzi efanayo isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kozakwabo.

Ngisho noma kunjalo, iqiniso liwukuthi uKorovin wadala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ngesitayela se-impressionism ngaphambi kohambo lwakhe lokuya eFrance.

Unenhlanhla ngesiphetho esinzima

Abangane bakaKorovin bebelokhu bebabaza "ukukhanya" komculi. Wayehlale ejabule, encokola kakhulu, enomlingisi onobungane.

“Lo muntu wenza kahle,” abantu ababemzungezile bacabanga ... Futhi babenephutha kakhulu.

Phela, impilo yenkosi yayingahlanganisi nje kuphela ukunqoba kokudala, kodwa futhi uchungechunge lwezinhlekelele zangempela. Eyokuqala eyaqubuka ebuntwaneni - bevela endlini yomthengisi ocebile, amaKorovins ampofu athuthela endlini encane.

Uyise kaKonstantin Alekseevich akakwazanga ukusinda futhi wazibulala lapho umculi eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala.

Emndenini wakwaKorovin, uthando lwezobuciko obuhle lwamukelwa - wonke umuntu lapha udwebe kahle. Ngakho-ke ukwamukelwa kwensizwa ngo-1875 eMoscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture kwabonakala kunengqondo.

U-Alexey Savrasov wayenguthisha wakhe wokuqala lapha. Futhi uthisha othembeke kakhulu. Akazange aphazamise nakancane ukuhlolwa komfundi wakhe. Ngisho nalapho ebhala "Umfula eMenshov".

Isikhala esibanzi, ukukhanya okuchitheka phezu kweseyili futhi ... hhayi umugqa owodwa ocacile. Akukho ukulandisa - isimo sengqondo kuphela.

Kwakungavamile kakhulu ngomdwebo waseRussia wangaleso sikhathi. Phela amaqiniso - iWanderers "iphethe ibhola". Lapho kuchazwa imininingwane, umdwebo olinganiselayo kahle kanye nesakhiwo esiqondakalayo kwakuyisisekelo sazo zonke izisekelo.

U-Savrasov ofanayo wabhala ngendlela enengqondo kakhulu, ebhala ngokucophelela yonke imininingwane. Khumbula okungenani odumile wakhe "Rooks".

Kodwa kwakungekho ukushushiswa Korovin. Ukuthi nje imisebenzi yakhe yabonwa njenge-etude, ukungapheleli ngamabomu. Okungase kuthandwe umphakathi.

Korovin kanye yaseshashalazini

Iningi lemisebenzi kaKorovin i-impressionistic. Nokho, wazizama ngesinye isitayela.

Ngo-1885, uKorovin wahlangana no-Savva Mamontov, owamema ukuba aklame imidlalo. I-Scenography, yebo, izobonakala emdwebeni wakhe.

Ngakho emdwebeni wakhe odumile othi "Northern Idyll" ungabona ukuthi izibalo zamaqhawe azinawo u-three-dimensionality. Afana nengxenye yendawo eyisicaba, eqoshwe endaweni ebanzi enezinhlangothi ezintathu.

"I-Northern Idyll" iwumsebenzi wobuciko wobuciko. Owadalwa ngaphansi kwethonya lomsebenzi waseshashalazini.

Kodwa-ke, u-Alexander Benois (isazi-mlando sobuciko) wayekholelwa ukuthi uKorovin uchithe ithalenta lakhe emisebenzini yesibili ngendlela yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Ukuthi kungaba ngcono ukuthi agxile kwisitayela sakhe esiyingqayizivele.

Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-impressionist yaseRussia

Futhi kuthiwani ngempilo yomuntu siqu kaKorovin? Ukuphila kwakhe konke wayeshade no-Anna Fidler. Kungabonakala emdwebeni "Izibani zephepha". Kodwa umlando wokuphila komkhaya wabo awunakubizwa ngokuthi ujabule.

Ingane yabo yokuqala yashona isewusana, futhi umfana wesibili waba isishosha lapho eneminyaka engu-16 ubudala. Njengoba ewele ngaphansi kwethilamu, waphuka imilenze yomibili.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke impilo ka-Alexei Konstantinovich (futhi wayengumdwebi) kwaba uchungechunge lokudangala nokuzama ukuzibulala. Eyokugcina, ngemva kokushona kukayise, yafinyelela umgomo.

Ukuphila kwakhe konke, uKorovin wayekhathele ukuze aqinisekise ukwelashwa kwendodana nomkakhe (wahlushwa i-angina pectoris). Ngakho-ke, akazange anqabe imisebenzi yesibili: ukuklama iphepha lodonga, ukuklama kwezimpawu, njalonjalo.

Njengoba abangane bakhe babekhumbula, wayesebenza engaphumuli usuku nosuku. Kuyamangaza ukuthi wakwazi kanjani ukwenza imisebenzi yobuciko.

Imisebenzi yobuciko engcono kakhulu

U-Korovin wayethanda ukuvakashela i-dacha eZhukovka nomculi uPolenov.

Umsebenzi omangalisayo "Etafuleni Letiye" uvele lapha, lapho singabona khona amalungu omndeni wakwaPolenov nabangane bawo.

Bona ukuthi yonke into ibukeka kanjani lapha. Sibona kwesokudla isihlalo esingenalutho sidudulwa emuva. Sengathi umculi wasukuma wathwebula ngokushesha okwenzekayo. Nabahleziyo abazange bakunake nokukunaka. Bamatasatasa nezindaba zabo nezingxoxo. Ngakwesobunxele, "uhlaka" lunqanyuliwe ngokuphelele, njengasesithombeni esithathwe ngokushesha.

Akukho ukuma. Isikhashana nje sokuphila esihlwithwe futhi singafi yilo mculi.

Umdwebo "Esikebheni" wawudwetshwe endaweni efanayo, eZhukovka. Lo mdwebo ubonisa umdwebi uPolenov nodadewabo womkakhe uMaria Yakunchenkova, naye ongumdwebi.

Lesi isibonelo esiyingqayizivele somfanekiso wobunye bomuntu nemvelo. Isithombe singabukwa ngokungapheli, sizwa ukunyakaza kwamanzi okungajahi nokuhwashaza kwamaqabunga.

UFyodor Chaliapin wayengumngane omkhulu kaKorovin. Ungcweti upende isithombe esimangalisayo sebhesi enkulu ye-operatic.

Yiqiniso, Impressionism ifanelana Chaliapin kahle kakhulu. Lesi sitayela sidlulisela umlingiswa wakhe ojabule futhi onomdlandla ngendlela engcono kakhulu.

UKonstantin Alekseevich wahamba kakhulu eYurophu neqembu leMamontov. Lapha wathola izihloko ezintsha ezingavamile.

Bathini "abesifazane base-Spain u-Leonora no-Ampara" bakhe. Ngemva kokubonisa amantombazane amabili kuvulandi, wakwazi ukudlulisela yonke ingqikithi kazwelonke yaseSpain. Uthando olukhanyayo no ... olumnyama. Ukuvuleleka kanye ... nesizotha.

Futhi lapha uKorovin uyi-impressionist. Wakwazi ukuma ngesikhathi enye yamantombazane inyakaza yancika ehlombe lomngane wayo. Ukungazinzi okunjalo kubenza baphile futhi bakhululeke.

Paris ngesiRashiya

U-Korovin wabhala i-Paris ngokuzinikela. Ngakho-ke, akuwona wonke amaciko aseFrance aphumelele.

Imivimbo yawo ibonakala iwela esivunguvungwini, yenze inqwaba enemibalabala. Lapho singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izibalo, izithunzi, amafasitela ezindlu.

Isinyathelo esisodwa sokungafinyeleli, imizwa emsulwa ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi ingxube yomhlaba wangempela.

Bona ukuthi uClaude Monet noKorovin babhale ngendlela ehluke kanjani i-Boulevard des Capucines. Imibala ihluke ngokukhethekile. I-Monet iwukuzibamba, ukuzola. I-Korovin - isibindi, ukukhanya.

Ngesinye isikhathi uKorovin wema ne-easel emigwaqweni yaseParis futhi wadweba. Umbhangqwana waseRussia wama ukuze ubukele lo mculi emsebenzini. Le ndoda yaphawula ukuthi amaFulentshi asenamandla kakhulu ngebala. UKorovin waphendula wathi "amaRussia awabi kakhulu!"

Ngokungafani nama-impressionists amaningi, u-Korovin akazange alahle upende omnyama. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswe ngobuningi kakhulu. Njengoba, isibonelo, emdwebeni "Italian Boulevard".

Njenge-impressionism, kodwa emnyama kakhulu. I-Monet enjalo noma ngisho I-Pissarro (owabhala ama-boulevards amaningi aseParis) ngeke ubone.

Ngaphandle kweRussia

Yayingekho indawo kaKorovin eRussia yangemva kokuguquguquka. Ngokweseluleko esigculisayo sikaLunacharsky, umculi washiya izwe lakubo.

Lapho, wayesasebenza kanzima, ependiwe izithombe, wayesesikhungweni somphakathi wezwe. Kodwa…

U-Eugene Lansere (umculi waseRussia, umfowabo womculi UZinaida Serebryakova) wakhumbula ukuthi lapho ehlangana noKorovin komunye wemibukiso yaseParis.

Wama eduze kohlobo oluthile lwendawo yaseRussia futhi wakhala izinyembezi, ekhala ngokuthi wayengeke aphinde awabone amabhishi aseRussia.

U-Korovin wayedabukile ngokusangana. Ngemva kokushiya eRussia, akakwazanga ukumkhohlwa. Ukuphila komculi kwaphela eParis ngo-1939.

Namuhla, abagxeki bezobuciko bayakwazisa uKorovin nge-impressionism yobuciko baseRussia, futhi umbukeli ...

Umbukeli uthanda umdwebi ngenxa yenhlanganisela yomlingo yombala nokukhanya okwenza umuntu ame emisebenzini yakhe yobuciko isikhathi eside.

***

Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.

isiZulu version

Umfanekiso oyinhloko: u-Valentin Serov. Isithombe sika-K. Korovin. 1891 Igalari ye-State Tretyakov, eMoscow.