Phezu kokuphumula okuphakade. Ifilosofi kaLevitan

U-Isaac Levitan (1860-1900) wayekholelwa ukuthi umdwebo othi "Ngaphezu Kokuthula Okuphakade" ubonisa ingqikithi yakhe, ingqondo yakhe.

Kodwa bawazi lo msebenzi ngaphansi kweGolden Autumn noMarch. Phela lezi zamuva zifakiwe ohlelweni lwezifundo zesikole. Kodwa isithombe esineziphambano zethuna asizange silingane lapho.

Isikhathi sokwazi kangcono umsebenzi wobuciko kaLevitan.

Uphi umdwebo othi "Ngaphezu Kokuthula Okuphakade" odwetshiwe?

Ichibi Udomlya esifundeni Tver.

Nginobudlelwano obukhethekile nalo mhlaba. Minyaka yonke umndeni wonke uhlala eholidini kulezi zingxenye.

Yilokho imvelo lapha. Ivulekile, igcwele umoya-mpilo kanye nephunga lotshani. Kuthuleke lapha ezindlebeni zami. Futhi ugcwele isikhala kangangokuthi awukwazi ukubona ifulethi kamuva. Njengoba udinga ukuzicindezela ezindongeni ezimbozwe ngephepha lodonga futhi.

Indawo enechibi ibukeka ihlukile. Nasi umdwebo kaLevitan, odwetshwe emvelweni.

Lo msebenzi ubonakala uveza imizwa yomculi. Usengozini, uthambekele ekucindezelekeni, uyazwela. Ifundeka ngamathunzi amnyama aluhlaza kanye nomthofu.

Kodwa isithombe ngokwaso sase senziwe kakade ku-studio. U-Levitan ushiye indawo yemizwa, kodwa wanezela ukucabanga.

Incazelo yomdwebo othi "Ngaphezu Kokuthula Okuphakade"

Abadwebi baseRussia bekhulu le-XNUMX babevame ukwabelana ngemibono yabo yemidwebo ngokubhalelana nabangane nabaxhasi. I-Levitan nayo ayihlukile. Ngakho-ke, incazelo yomdwebo othi "Ngaphezu Kokuthula Okuphakade" iyaziwa ngamazwi omdwebi.

Umdwebi udweba isithombe njengokungathi usibuka ngeso lenyoni. Siwabukela phansi amathuna. Kwenza samuntu ukuphumula okuphakade kwabantu asebedlulile.

Imvelo iphikisana nalokhu kuphumula kwaphakade. Yena-ke wenza samuntu ingunaphakade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingunaphakade elisabekayo elizogwinya wonke umuntu ngaphandle kokuzisola.

Imvelo inobukhosi futhi ingunaphakade uma iqhathaniswa nomuntu, ibuthakathaka futhi ihlala isikhathi esifushane. Indawo engenamkhawulo namafu amakhulu aphikisana nesonto elincane elinokukhanya okuvuthayo.

Isonto alakhiwe. Umdwebi wayithwebula ePlyos wayidlulisela emkhathini weLake Udomlya. Nansi iseduze kulo mdwebo.

Kimina kubonakala sengathi lobu ngokoqobo bunezela isisindo esitatimendeni sikaLevitan. Hhayi isonto elijwayelekile elijwayelekile, kodwa elangempela.

IPhakade alizange limyeke. Yashisa iminyaka engu-3 ngemuva kokushona komculi, ngo-1903.

Akumangalisi ukuthi imicabango enjalo yavakashela uLevitan. Ukufa kwakumi ehlombe lakhe ngokungayeki. Umdwebi ubenenkinga yenhliziyo.

Kodwa ungamangali uma isithombe sikubangela eminye imizwelo engafani nekaLevitan.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, kwakuyimfashini ukucabanga ngomoya wokuthi "abantu bayizinhlamvu zesihlabathi ezingasho lutho emhlabeni omkhulu."

Namuhla, umbono uhlukile. Noma kunjalo, umuntu uyaphuma aye emkhathini futhi aye kuyi-Internet. Futhi abahlanza i-robotic vacuum bayazulazula ezindlini zethu.

Indima yohlamvu lwesihlabathi kumuntu wanamuhla akweneliswanga ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, "Ngaphezu Kokuthula Okuphakade" kungakhuthaza futhi kuthobe. Futhi ngeke uzwe ukwesaba nhlobo.

Kuyini ukufaneleka kwesithombe komdwebo

I-Levitan ibonakala ngamafomu acwengisisiwe. Iziqu zesihlahla ezizacile zikhaphela umdwebi ngokungangabazeki.

Azikho izihlahla eziseduze emdwebeni othi "Ngaphezu Kokuthula Okuphakade". Kodwa amafomu acashile akhona. Leli kanye nefu elincane elinqamula amafu okuduma. Negatsha elibonakala kancane elivela esiqhingini. Nendlela encane eholela esontweni.

"Iqhawe" eliyinhloko lesithombe isikhala. Amanzi nesibhakabhaka semithunzi esondelene kuhlukaniswa umugqa omncane womkhathizwe.

Umkhathizwe unomsebenzi ombaxambili lapha. Incane kangangokuthi umphumela wesikhala esisodwa uyadalwa. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubonakala ngokwanele "ukudweba" umbukeli ekujuleni kwesithombe. Yomibili imiphumela idala umfanekiso ongokwemvelo wengunaphakade.

Kodwa uLevitan wadlulisela ubutha baleli phakade ngosizo lwamathunzi abandayo. Lokhu kubanda kulula ukukubona uma ukuqhathanisa nesithombe "esifudumele" somculi.

Icala: ucingo lwakusihlwa, Nsimbi yakusihlwa. 1892. Tretyakov Gallery, eMoscow.

"Ngaphezu Kokuthula Okuphakade" noTretyakov

Levitan wajabula kakhulu ngokuthi "Ngaphezu Ukuthula Okuphakade" yathengwa Pavel Tretyakov.

Hhayi ngoba ekhokha imali enhle. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi wayengowokuqala ukubona ikhono likaLevitan futhi waqala ukuthenga imidwebo yakhe. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi umculi wayefuna ukudlulisela incwadi yakhe yokubhekisela kuTretyakov.

Futhi umdwebo womdwebo, ofanayo onedlelo eliluhlaza elimnyama nechibi elibandayo elinomthofu, uTretyakov naye wathenga. Futhi kwakuwumdwebo wokugcina owathengwa empilweni yakhe.

Funda mayelana neminye imisebenzi yenkosi esihlokweni esithi "Imidwebo kaLevitan: 5 yobuciko bomculi-imbongi".

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Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.

Inguqulo yesiNgisi yesihloko