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I-Olympia Manet. Umdwebo oyihlazo kakhulu wekhulu le-XIX

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"I-Olympia" ka-Edouard Manet ingenye yemisebenzi edume kakhulu yomculi. Manje wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lo msebenzi wobuciko. Futhi ngesikhathi izivakashi embukisweni zamkhafulela. Kudala, abagxeki baxwayisa abaphelelwa yinhliziyo nabesifazane abakhulelwe ngokuyibuka. Futhi imodeli efake i-Manet izuze udumo njengowesifazane ofinyelelekayo. Nakuba kwakungenjalo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nomdwebo esihlokweni esithi "Kungani i-Olympia Manet yahlekwa usulu abantu besikhathi sakhe"

Funda futhi ngemidwebo ethakazelisa kakhulu kaManet ezihlokweni:

"Kungani uManet apenda impilo esekhona ngesiqu se-asparagus?"

U-Edouard Manet Plums kanye ne-Murder Mystery

"Ubungani buka-Edouard Manet noDegas nemidwebo emibili edabukile"

indawo "Idayari yokudweba: esithombeni ngasinye - umlando, isiphetho, imfihlakalo".

» data-medium-file=»https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-4.jpeg?fit=595%2C403&ssl=1″ data-large-file=»https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-4.jpeg?fit=900%2C610&ssl=1″ loading=»lazy» class=»wp-image-1894 size-full» title=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» src=»https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-4.jpeg?resize=900%2C610″ alt=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» width=»900″ height=»610″ sizes=»(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px» data-recalc-dims=»1″/>

I-Olympia ka-Edouard Manet (1863) ingenye yemisebenzi yomculi edume kakhulu. Manje cishe akekho ophikisa ukuthi lokhu kuwumsebenzi wobuciko. Kodwa eminyakeni engu-150 edlule, kwadala ihlazo elingenakucatshangwa.

Ababehambele lo mbukiso bakhafule ngokoqobo esithombeni! Abagxeki baxwayise abesifazane abakhulelwe nabaphelelwe amandla ngokubuka iseyili. Ngoba babezifaka engozini yokubhekana nokushaqeka okukhulu ngenxa yalokho ababekubona.

Kubonakala sengathi akukho okwakufanekisela ukusabela okunjalo. Phela, uManet ugqugquzelwe umsebenzi wakudala walo msebenzi. Titian "Venus of Urbino". U-Titian, naye, waphefumulelwa umsebenzi kathisha wakhe uGiorgione "I-Sleeping Venus".

I-Olympia Manet. Umdwebo oyihlazo kakhulu wekhulu le-XIX
I-Olympia Manet. Umdwebo oyihlazo kakhulu wekhulu le-XIX
I-Olympia Manet. Umdwebo oyihlazo kakhulu wekhulu le-XIX

Maphakathi: Titiya. Venus Urbinskaya. 1538 Uffizi Gallery, Florence. Phansi phansi: UGiorgione. IVenus ilele. 1510 Old Masters Gallery, eDresden.

Imizimba enqunu emdwebeni

Kokubili ngaphambi kwe-Manet nangesikhathi se-Manet, kwakunemizimba eminingi enqunu kumaseyili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le misebenzi yabonwa ngesasasa elikhulu.

"I-Olympia" yaboniswa emphakathini ngo-1865 eParis Salon (umbukiso obaluleke kakhulu eFrance). Futhi eminyakeni emi-2 ngaphambi kwalokho, umdwebo ka-Alexander Cabanel "Ukuzalwa kweVenus" waboniswa lapho.

IVenus Cabanel yinhle. Njengoba u-Emile Zola abhala, kufana nokuthi kudalwe nge-marzipan emhlophe nepinki. Ngesikhathi somlobi, kuphela umoya onjalo kanye nemvelo yenganekwane yomzimba onqunu yayivunyelwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaguquli bokuqala bokudweba baqala ukuphikisa i-academicism kanye ne-puritanism. U-Edouard Manet udala i-Olympia yakhe enqunu. Owesifazane wenyama negazi, ngaphandle kwe-marzipan. Izilaleli zazishaqekile.

Funda kabanzi mayelana noVenus no-Olympia esihlokweni esithi “Kungani i-Olympia kaManet yahlekwa usulu abantu besikhathi sakhe?”

iwebhusayithi "Idayari yokudweba: esithombeni ngasinye - umlando, isiphetho, imfihlakalo"

» data-medium-file=»https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image.jpeg?fit=595%2C353&ssl=1″ data-large-file=»https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image.jpeg?fit=900%2C533&ssl=1″ loading=»lazy» class=»wp-image-1879 size-full» title=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» src=»https://i0.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image.jpeg?resize=900%2C533″ alt=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» width=»900″ height=»533″ sizes=»(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px» data-recalc-dims=»1″/>

Alexander Cabanel. Ukuzalwa kukaVenus. 1864 I-Musee d'Orsay, Paris.

Umsebenzi weCabanel wemukelwe ngesasasa ngumphakathi. Umzimba omuhle onqunu kankulunkulukazi onokubukeka oku-languid nezinwele ezigelezayo ku-canvas yamamitha angu-2 bambalwa abangashiywa bengenandaba. Umdwebo wathengwa ngosuku olufanayo nguMbusi uNapoleon III.

Kungani i-Olympia Manet kanye noVenus Cabanel benza ukusabela okuhluke kangaka emphakathini?

UManet waphila futhi wasebenza enkathini yokuziphatha kwamaPuritan. Ukuncoma umzimba wesifazane onqunu kwakungahloniphi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwakuvunyelwe uma owesifazane osesithombeni engeyena owangempela ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, abadwebi babekuthanda kakhulu ukuveza abesifazane basenganekwaneni, njengonkulunkulukazi uVenus Cabanel. Noma abesifazane baseMpumalanga, abangaqondakali futhi abangafinyeleleki, njenge-Ingra's Odalisque.

Umdwebo othi "Great Odalisque" kaJean Ingres ubonisa owesifazane omuhle kusukela enkathini ekude. Enezici zobuso zikaFornarina noMadonna della Sedia kaRaphael. Ukubukeka kwakhe akunangqondo. Ngesandla esilula somculi, uthole ama-vertebrae angu-3 engeziwe, ingalo emide kakhulu nomlenze osontekile. Konke lokhu ngenxa yobuhle obukhulu nakakhulu nokuzwana.

Funda kabanzi ngomdwebo esihlokweni esithi “Kungani i-Olympia ka-Edouard Manet yagconwa abantu besikhathi sakhe.”

indawo "Idayari yokudweba: esithombeni ngasinye - umlando, isiphetho, imfihlakalo".

» data-medium-file=»https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-14.jpeg?fit=595%2C331&ssl=1″ data-large-file=»https://i1.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-14.jpeg?fit=900%2C501&ssl=1″ loading=»lazy» class=»wp-image-1875 size-full» title=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» src=»https://i1.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-14.jpeg?resize=900%2C501″ alt=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» width=»900″ height=»501″ sizes=»(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px» data-recalc-dims=»1″/>

UJean Auguste Dominique Ingres. I-odalisque enkulu. Ngo-1814 eLouvre, eParis.

3 ama-vertebrae engeziwe kanye nomlenze ophihlizekile ngenxa yobuhle

Kuyacaca ukuthi amamodeli afake i-Cabanel kanye ne-Ingres, empeleni, anedatha yangaphandle enesizotha kakhulu. Abaculi bawahlobise ngokungagwegwesi.

Okungenani lokho kubonakala ngo-Ingres' Odalisque. Umdwebi wengeze ama-vertebrae angu-3 engeziwe kuqhawekazi lakhe ukuze elule ikamu futhi enze ijika lomhlane libukeke kakhulu. Ingalo ka-Odalisque nayo inwetshiwe ngokungeyona imvelo ukuze ivumelane nomhlane obude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlenze wesokunxele usontekile ngendlela engavamile. Eqinisweni, ayikwazi ukuqamba amanga ngale ndlela. Naphezu kwalokhu, isithombe sabonakala sivumelana, nakuba singenangqondo kakhulu.

Iqiniso elimsulwa kakhulu le-Olympia

UManet uphambane nayo yonke imithetho engenhla. I-Olympia yakhe ingokoqobo kakhulu. Ngaphambi kukaManet, mhlawumbe, wabhala kuphela Francisco Goya. I-Он waveza eyakhe unqunu nakuba muhle ngokubukeka, kodwa ngokusobala akayena unkulunkulukazi.

UMaha ungummeleli welinye lamakilasi aphansi kakhulu eSpain. Yena, njengo-Olympia Manet, ubuka umbukeli ngokuzethemba nangokudelela kancane.

I-Nude Maha kaGoya ingomunye wemisebenzi yabaculi ewubukhazikhazi. Kuyamangaza ukuthi yalotshwa enkathini yokusa kweNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki kanye nokuziphatha okuqine kakhulu. UGoya wakwazi kanjani ukudala iMacha yakhe ngesikhathi abahlubuki bejeziswa esidlangalaleni nsuku zonke?

Funda kabanzi ngalo mdwebo kusixhumanisi esithi “Original Goya and his Nude Macha”.

indawo "Idayari yokudweba: esithombeni ngasinye - umlando, isiphetho, imfihlakalo".

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Francisco Goya. UMaha unqunu. 1795-1800 I-Prado Museum, iMadrid.

UManet uphinde waveza owesifazane wasemhlabeni esikhundleni sikankulunkulukazi omuhle wasenganekwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifebe esibheka umbukeli ngokubukeka okulinganiselwe nokuzethemba. Incekukazi emnyama yase-Olympia iphethe isixha sezimbali kwelinye lamakhasimende ayo. Lokhu kugcizelela futhi lokho iqhawekazi lethu elikwenzayo ukuze liziphilise.

Ukubukeka kwemodeli, okubizwa ngokuthi kubi ngabaphila ngesikhathi, empeleni akuhlotshisiwe. Lokhu ukubukeka kowesifazane wangempela onamaphutha akhe: ukhalo alukwazi ukuhlukaniswa, imilenze imfushane kancane ngaphandle kokuqina okuyengayo kwezinqulu. Isisu esiphumile asifihlwa ngamathanga azacile.

Kwakuwukuba ngokoqobo kwesimo senhlalo nokubukeka kwe-Olympia okwacasula kakhulu umphakathi.

I-Olympia Manet. Umdwebo oyihlazo kakhulu wekhulu le-XIX

Omunye uCourtesan Manet

UManet ubelokhu eyiphayona, njengoba Francisco Goya ngesikhathi sami. Wazama ukuthola eyakhe indlela ekudaleni. Walwela ukuthatha okuhle kakhulu emsebenzini wabanye amakhosi, kodwa akazange ahlanganyele ekulingiseni, kodwa wadala eyakhe, eyiqiniso. I-Olympia iyisibonelo esihle salokhu.

UManet futhi kamuva wahlala ethembekile ezimisweni zakhe, ezama ukukhombisa impilo yesimanje. Ngakho, ngo-1877 udweba isithombe "Nana". Ibhalwe phakathi isitayela se-impressionist. Kuyo, owesifazane onekhono elilula uphulula ikhala lakhe phambi kweklayenti elimlindile.

Umdwebo ka-Edouard Manet othi "Nana" ungomunye wemisebenzi yomdwebi ehlazisa kakhulu. Ubangele isiyaluyalu nokugxekwa kanzima abantu besikhathi sikaManet. Njengoba nje emdwebeni othi "Olympia", isifebe siboniswa lapha. Bekungakhululeki futhi iqhawekazi elicasulayo emdwebeni wekhulu le-19. Umlingisikazi u-Henriette Hauser, inkosikazi yeNkosana yase-Orange, ubeke lesi sithombe.

Funda kabanzi ngomsebenzi ka-Edouard Manet ezihlokweni:

Izimfihlakalo zomdwebo othi "Bar at the Folies Bergère" ka-Edouard Manet

Kungani u-Edouard Manet apenda impilo emile ngesiqu se-asparagus

Kungani "i-Olympia" ka-Edouard Manet yahlekwa usulu abantu besikhathi sakhe

"Plums" uManet kanye nokubulala okungaqondakali "

indawo "Idayari yokudweba: esithombeni ngasinye - umlando, isiphetho, imfihlakalo".

» data-medium-file=»https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-1.jpeg?fit=595%2C789&ssl=1″ data-large-file=»https://i0.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-1.jpeg?fit=771%2C1023&ssl=1″ loading=»lazy» class=»wp-image-1885 size-full» title=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» src=»https://i2.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/image-1.jpeg?resize=771%2C1023″ alt=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» width=»771″ height=»1023″ sizes=»(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px» data-recalc-dims=»1″/>

Edward Mane. Nana. 1877 Hamburg Kunsthalle Museum, Germany.

Enye i-Olympia, yesimanje

Ngendlela, ku I-Musée d'Orsay enye i-Olympia igcinwa. Yabhalwa uPaul Cezanne, owayewuthanda kakhulu umsebenzi ka-Edouard Manet.

UPaul Cezanne wabhala "i-Modern Olympia" eminyakeni engu-11 ngemuva kwehlazo ne-Olympia ka-Edouard Manet. UManet udumele ngokuhlaselwa okushaqisayo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uCezanne wayehumusha i-Olympia yakhe ngokwezwi nezwi nangenhlamba.

Funda ngomdwebo esihlokweni esithi “Kungani i-Olympia ka-Edouard Manet yagconwa abantu besikhathi sakhe?”

indawo "Idayari yokudweba: esithombeni ngasinye - umlando, isiphetho, imfihlakalo".

» data-medium-file=»https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/image55.jpeg?fit=595%2C494&ssl=1″ data-large-file=»https://i2.wp.com/www.arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/image55.jpeg?fit=900%2C746&ssl=1″ loading=»lazy» class=»wp-image-628 size-full» title=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» src=»https://i1.wp.com/arts-dnevnik.ru/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/image55.jpeg?resize=900%2C747″ alt=»Олимпия Мане. Самая скандальная картина XIX века» width=»900″ height=»747″ sizes=»(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px» data-recalc-dims=»1″/>

Paul Cezanne. I-Olympia yesimanje. 1874 Musée d'Orsay, Paris.

I-Olympia Cezanne yabizwa ngokuthi ishaqisa kakhulu kune-Olympia Manet. Nokho, “iqhwa liphukile”. Ngokushesha umphakathi u-willy-nilly kufanele ulahle imibono yawo ye-puritanical. Izingcweti ezinkulu zekhulu le-19 nelama-20 zizofaka isandla kakhulu kulokhu.

Ngakho-ke, abagezi kanye nabavamile Edgar Degas izoqhubeka nesiko elisha lokukhombisa impilo yabantu abajwayelekile. Futhi hhayi nje onkulunkulukazi nezintokazi ezihloniphekile ezimile eqandisiwe.

Futhi kakade i-Olympia Manet ayibonakali ishaqisa kunoma ubani.

Funda mayelana nomsebenzi wobuciko esihlokweni “Imidwebo kaManet. Imidwebo emi-5 eyenziwe yingcweti enegazi likaColumbus”.

***

Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.

Umfanekiso oyinhloko: Edouard Manet. I-Olympia. 1863. I-Musée d'Orsay, Paris.