Isithombe sikaDostoevsky. Kuyini okuhlukile kwesithombe sikaVasily Perov

Uma sicabanga ngoFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881), okokuqala sikhumbula isithombe sakhe sikaVasily Perov. Izithombe eziningi zombhali zigciniwe. Kodwa siyasikhumbula lesi sithombe esihle.

Ithini imfihlo yomculi? Umdali we-Troika wakwazi kanjani ukudweba isithombe esiyingqayizivele kangaka? Ake sikuthole.

Izithombe ze-Perov

Izinhlamvu zikaPerov zikhumbuleka kakhulu futhi zicacile. Umdwebi waze wasebenzisa izinto ezimbi. Wakhulisa ikhanda, wakhulisa ubuso bakhe. Ukuze kucace ngokushesha: izwe elingokomoya lomlingiswa limpofu.

Futhi uma amaqhawe akhe ehlupheka, khona-ke ngezinga elingavamile. Ngakho alikho ithuba elilodwa lokungazwelani. 

Umdwebi, njengoMzuli wangempela, wayethanda iqiniso. Uma sibonisa ububi bomuntu, khona-ke ngokwethembeka okungenazwelo. Uma izingane sezivele zihlupheka endaweni ethile, akufanele unciphise ukushaya kwenhliziyo enomusa yombukeli.

Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi uTretyakov wakhetha uPerov, umthandi weqiniso oshisekayo, ukudweba isithombe sikaDostoevsky. Ngangazi ukuthi uzobhala iqiniso futhi iqiniso kuphela. 

Perov futhi Tretyakov

Pavel Tretyakov wayenjalo. Wayethanda ukuba neqiniso ekudwebeni. Wathi uzothenga umdwebo ngisho nedamu elivamile. Ukube nje ubeqinisile. Ngokuvamile, ama-puddles ka-Savrasov ayengelona ize eqoqweni lakhe, kodwa kwakungekho zindawo ezifanelekile zezifundiswa.

Yiqiniso, i-philanthropist wayethanda umsebenzi kaPerov futhi wayevame ukuthenga imidwebo yakhe. Futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-70 ekhulwini XIX waphendukela kuye ngesicelo ukudweba ekumeni eziningana zabantu abakhulu baseRussia. kuhlanganise Dostoevsky. 

Fedor Dostoevsky

UFedor Mikhailovich wayengumuntu osengozini futhi ozwelayo. Kakade eneminyaka engu-24, udumo lwafika kuye. U-Belinsky ngokwakhe wancoma indaba yakhe yokuqala "Abantu Abampofu"! Kubabhali bangaleso sikhathi, lokhu kwaba impumelelo emangalisayo.

Kodwa ngokukhululeka okufanayo, umgxeki wawuthethisa umsebenzi wakhe olandelayo, iThe Double. Ukusuka konqobile kuye kohluliwe. Ensizweni esengozini, kwakucishe kungabekezeleleki. Kodwa wabekezela waqhubeka nokubhala.

Nokho, uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezimbi ngokushesha lwalumlindile.

U-Dostoevsky waboshelwa ukubamba iqhaza kumbuthano wamavukelambuso. Ugwetshwe intambo, okwathi ngomzuzu wokugcina yathathelwa indawo umsebenzi onzima. Cabanga ngalokho abhekana nakho! Valelisa empilweni, bese uthola ithemba lokusinda.

Kodwa akekho owahoxisa umsebenzi onzima. Udabule eSiberia ngamaketango iminyaka emi-4. Yebo, kwawuhlukumeza ingqondo. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ngingakwazi ukuyeka ukugembula. Umlobi waphinde waba nesifo sokuwa. Wabuye waphathwa isifo sokucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula. Wabe esethola izikweletu kumfowabo owashona: wacasha kubabolekisi iminyaka eminingana.

Ukuphila kwaqala ukuthuthuka ngemva kokushada no-Anna Snitkina.

Wazungeza umbhali ngokucophelela. Ngathatha izintambo zokuphatha izimali zomndeni. Futhi uDostoevsky ngomoya ophansi wasebenza inoveli yakhe ethi The Possessed. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uVasily Perov amthola khona nomthwalo onjalo wokuphila.

Ukusebenza ngomfanekiso

Umdwebi ugxile ebusweni. Ibala elingalingani elinamabala ampunga-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amajwabu amehlo avuvukele kanye nama-cheekbones aphinyiselwe. Bonke ubunzima nokugula kwamphatha kabi. 

Umbhali ugqoke isikhwama, ibhantshi elishwabene elenziwe ngendwangu eshibhile enombala omaphakathi. Akakwazi ukufihla isifuba esishonile namahlombe agobile omuntu ohlushwa isifo. Ubonakala futhi usitshela ukuthi umhlaba wonke weDostoevsky ugxile lapho, ngaphakathi. Izehlakalo nezinto zangaphandle azikhathazeki kangako kuye.

Izandla zikaFedor Mikhailovich nazo ziyiqiniso kakhulu. Imithambo evuvukele esitshela ngokushuba kwangaphakathi. 

Yiqiniso, uPerov akazange athophe futhi ahlobise ukubukeka kwakhe. Kodwa wadlulisela ukubukeka okungavamile komlobi, ebheka, njengokungathi, ngaphakathi kuye. Izandla zakhe ziwela emadolweni akhe, okugcizelela nakakhulu lokhu kuhlukaniswa nokugxila. 

Unkosikazi womlobi kamuva wathi umdwebi ukwazile ukuveza isimo sikaDostoevsky esivelele kakhulu. Phela, yena ngokwakhe wamthola kulesi sikhundla izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa lapho esebenza inoveli. Yebo, “Amademoni” kwakungelula kumlobi.

Dostoevsky noKristu

U-Perov wahlabeka umxhwele ngokuthi umlobi ulwela ukuba neqiniso ekuchazeni izwe elingokomoya lomuntu. 

Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, wakwazi ukuveza ingqikithi yomuntu onomoya obuthakathaka. Uwela ekuphelelweni ithemba okukhulu, ukulungele ukubekezelela ukuthotshiswa, noma ngisho angakwazi ukwenza ubugebengu ngenxa yalokhu kuphelelwa ithemba. Kodwa ezithombeni ezingokwengqondo zomlobi akukho ukulahlwa, kunalokho ukwamukelwa. 

Phela, uDostoevsky isithixo main kwaba njalo uKristu. Wayethanda futhi emukela noma yikuphi ukuxoshwa emphakathini. Futhi mhlawumbe kwakungelona ize ukuthi uPerov abonise umlobi ofana noKristu Kramskoy ...

Angazi noma lokhu kumane kwaqondana yini. U-Kramskoy noPerov basebenza emidwebo yabo ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi babonisa umphakathi ngonyaka ofanayo. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuhlangana okunjalo kwezithombe kucacile kakhulu.

Ekuphethweni

Isithombe sikaDostoevsky siyiqiniso. Njengoba uPerov ethanda. Njengoba kufunwa uTretyakov. Futhi nalokho uDostoevsky avumelana ngakho.

Asikho nesisodwa isithombe esingadlulisa izwe langaphakathi lomuntu ngale ndlela. Kwanele ukubuka lesi sithombe sombhali we-1872 efanayo.

Lapha siphinde sibone ukubukeka kombhali okujulile nokucabangelayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile, isithombe asanele kithi, okusho ngomuntu. Ukuma okujwayelekile kakhulu, njengokungathi kunomgoqo phakathi kwethu. Ngenkathi uPerov ekwazile ukusethula mathupha kumbhali. Futhi ingxoxo ikhululekile futhi ... iqotho.

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Uma isitayela sami sokwethula siseduze nawe futhi unentshisekelo yokufunda ukudweba, ngingakuthumelela umjikelezo wamahhala wezifundo ngeposi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gcwalisa ifomu elilula kulesi sixhumanisi.

Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.

Ingabe uthole iphutha/iphutha embhalweni? Ngicela ungibhalele: oxana.kopenkina@arts-dnevnik.ru.

Izifundo Zobuciko Eziku-inthanethi 

Izixhumanisi zokukhiqiza kabusha:

V. Perov. Isithombe sikaDostoevsky: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/portret-fm-dostoevskogo-1821-1881

V. Perov. Umthombo: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/dvornik-otdayushchiy-kvartiru-baryne

V. Perov. I-Troika: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/troyka-ucheniki-masterovye-vezut-vodu

A. Savrasov. Umgwaqo wezwe: https://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/collection/proselok/