"Usuku Lokugcina Pompeii" Bryullov. Kungani lona kuwumsebenzi wobuciko?

Inkulumo ethi "Usuku Lokugcina lwasePompeii" yaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Ngoba ukufa kwaleli dolobha lasendulo kwake kwavezwa uKarl Bryullov (1799-1852)

Kangangoba umculi wathola ukunqoba okuyisimangaliso. Okokuqala eYurophu. Phela isithombe wasidweba eRoma. AmaNtaliyane aphithizela ehhotela lakhe ukuze athole udumo lokubingelela inhlakanipho. UWalter Scott wahlala esithombeni amahora ambalwa, emangele.

Futhi okwenzeka eRussia kunzima ukukucabanga. Phela, uBryullov wadala into eyaphakamisa udumo lomdwebo waseRussia ngokushesha ekuphakameni okungakaze kube khona!

Izixuku zabantu zahamba zizobuka isithombe ubusuku nemini. UBryullov waklonyeliswa ngezilaleli zomuntu siqu noNicholas I. Isiteketiso esithi "Charlemagne" sasigxilile ngemuva kwakhe.

U-Alexandre Benois kuphela, isazi-mlando sezobuciko esaziwayo sekhulu le-19 nelesi-20, owaba nesibindi sokugxeka uPompeii. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wagxeka ngonya kakhulu: “Ukusebenza kahle ... Ukupenda kwakho konke okuthandwayo ... Umsindo wetiyetha ... Imiphumela yokuqhekeka ...”

Pho yini eshaye iningi kangaka futhi yamcasula kangaka uBenoit? Ake sizame ukukuqonda.

U-Bryullov walithathaphi leli tulo?

Ngo-1828, uBryullov osemusha wayehlala futhi esebenza eRoma. Ngaphambi nje kwalokhu, abavubukuli baqala ukumba amadolobha amathathu afa ngaphansi komlotha weVesuvius. Yebo, babebathathu. I-Pompeii, i-Herculaneum ne-Stabiae.

EYurophu, lokhu kwaba ukutholakala okumangalisayo. Ngempela, ngaphambi kwalokho, ukuphila kwamaRoma asendulo kwakwaziwa ngobufakazi obulotshiwe obuyizicucu. Futhi nanka amadolobha amaningi afinyelela kwangu-3 aphethwe ngamabhungu amakhulu angu-18! Ngazo zonke izindlu, amafrescoes, amathempeli nezindlu zangasese zomphakathi.

Yiqiniso, uBryullov akakwazanga ukudlula umcimbi onjalo. Futhi waya endaweni yokumba. Ngaleso sikhathi, iPompeii yayisuliwe kakhulu. Umdwebi wamangala ngakubona kangangokuthi wavele waqala ukusebenza.

Wasebenza ngokukhulu ukucophelela. 5 iminyaka. Isikhathi sakhe esiningi wayesichitha ekuqoqeni izinto, imidwebo. Umsebenzi ngokwawo wathatha izinyanga eziyisi-9.

I-Bryullov-documentary

Naphezu kwakho konke "imidlalo yaseshashalazini" uBenois akhuluma ngayo, kuneqiniso eliningi esithombeni sikaBryullov.

Indawo yesenzo ayizange isungulwe yinkosi. Empeleni kukhona umgwaqo onjalo eSangweni laseHerculaneus ePompeii. Futhi amanxiwa ethempeli anezitebhisi asamile lapho.

Futhi umdwebi wazifundela ngokwakhe izinsalela zabafileyo. Futhi wathola amanye amaqhawe e-Pompeii. Ngokwesibonelo, owesifazane ofile egona amadodakazi akhe amabili.

Komunye wemigwaqo, kutholwe amasondo enqola nemihlobiso esabalele. Ngakho uBryullov wayenombono wokuveza ukufa kwePompeian ehloniphekile.

Wazama ukubaleka ngenqola, kodwa ukushaqeka okungaphansi komhlaba kwakhipha itshe endaweni egandayiwe, isondo lagijima langena kulo. UBryullov ubonisa isikhathi esibuhlungu kakhulu. Owesifazane wawa enqoleni wafa. Nengane yakhe, esinda ngemva kokuwa, ikhalela isidumbu sikanina.

Phakathi kwamathambo atholakele, uBryullov wabuye wabona umpristi wamaqaba owazama ukuthatha ingcebo yakhe kanye naye.

Eseyili, wambonisa ebambelele ngokuqinile ezicini zemicikilisho yobuqaba. Zenziwe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu, ngakho umpristi wazithatha wahamba nazo. Akabukeki emuhle kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nomfundisi ongumKristu.

Singamkhomba ngesiphambano esifubeni sakhe. Ngesibindi ubheka iVesuvius ethukuthele. Uma ubheka ndawonye, ​​​​kuyacaca ukuthi uBryullov uphikisana ngokuqondile nobuKristu nobuqaba, hhayi ngokuvuna okulandelayo.

“Ngokufanele” izakhiwo ezisesithombeni nazo ziyawa. Izazi zentaba-mlilo zithi uBryullov ubonise ukuzamazama komhlaba okungamaphuzu angu-8. Futhi enokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Yile ndlela izakhiwo ezihlakazeka ngayo ngesikhathi sokundindizela kwamandla anjalo.

Ukukhanyisa kukaBryullov nakho kucatshangelwe kahle kakhulu. Intaba-mlilo yaseVesuvius ikhanyisa ingemuva ngokukhazimulayo, igcwale izakhiwo ngombala obomvu kangangokuthi kubonakala sengathi ziyasha.

Kulokhu, ingaphambili likhanyiswa ukukhanya okumhlophe okuvela ekukhanyeni kombani. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kwenza indawo ijule kakhulu. Futhi kukholeka ngesikhathi esifanayo.

UBryullov, umqondisi weshashalazi

Kodwa ngomfanekiso wabantu, ukwethembeka kuyaphela. Lapha i-Bryullov, yebo, ikude namaqiniso.

Besiyobonani uma uBryullov ebebonakala engokoqobo? Kwakuzoba nesiphithiphithi kanye ne-pandemonium.

Besingeke sibe nalo ithuba lokucabangela umlingiswa ngamunye. Sasizibona zilingana futhi ziqala: imilenze, izingalo, ezinye zilale phezu kwezinye. Babeyobe sebengcoliswe kahle ngothuli nokungcola. Futhi ubuso babuyophambana nokwethuka.

Futhi yini esiyibonayo eBryullov? Amaqembu amaqhawe ahlelwa ukuze sikwazi ukubona ngamunye wabo. Ngisho noma bebhekene nokufa, bahle ngokwaphezulu.

Othile ubambe ngempumelelo ihhashi elikhulisayo. Umuntu uvale kahle ikhanda lakhe ngezitsha. Umuntu uphethe kahle othandiweyo wakhe.

Yebo, bahle, njengonkulunkulu. Ngisho nalapho amehlo abo egcwele izinyembezi ngenxa yokuqaphela ukufa okuseduze.

Kodwa akuyona yonke into efiselekayo nguBryullov ngezinga elinjalo. Sibona umlingiswa oyedwa ezama ukubamba izinhlamvu zemali eziwayo. Ukusala kuncane nangalesi sikhathi.

Yebo, lokhu umdlalo wetiyetha. Lena inhlekelele, ubuhle kakhulu. Kulokhu uBenoit wayeqinisile. Kodwa kungenxa yale midlalo yaseshashalazini kuphela ukuthi asijiki ngokuthuthumela.

Umdwebi usinika ithuba lokuzwelana nalaba bantu, kodwa singakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ngomzuzwana bazokufa.

Lena inganekwane enhle kuneqiniso elibuhlungu. Muhle ngendlela ethakathayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungase kuzwakale kuyinhlamba kangakanani.

Okomuntu siqu "kuSuku Lokugcina lwasePompeii"

Okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kaBryullov kungabonakala esithombeni. Ungabona ukuthi bonke abalingiswa abakhulu bekhanvasi banobuso obubodwa. 

Eminyakeni ehlukene, ngezinkulumo ezahlukene, kodwa lona wesifazane ofanayo - Countess Yulia Samoilova, uthando ukuphila umdwebi Bryullov.

Njengobufakazi bokufana, umuntu angaqhathanisa amaqhawekazi nesithombe sikaSamoilova, esilenga futhi I-Russian Museum.

Bahlangana e-Italy. Saze savakashela amanxiwa asePompeii ndawonye. Futhi-ke uthando lwabo lwadonsa isikhathi eside iminyaka engu-16. Ubuhlobo babo babukhululekile: okungukuthi, yena kanye naye bazivumela ukuba bathathwe abanye.

UBryullov waze wakwazi ukushada phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Iqiniso lahlukana ngokushesha, ngokoqobo ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-2. Kuphela ngemva komshado lapho wafunda imfihlo embi yomkakhe omusha. Isithandwa sakhe kwakunguyise, owayefisa ukuhlala kulesi simo esikhathini esizayo.

Ngemva kokushaqeka okunjalo, nguSamoilova kuphela owaduduza umculi.

Bahlukana kuze kube phakade ngo-1845, lapho uSamoilova enquma ukushada nomculi we-opera omuhle kakhulu. Injabulo yomkhaya wakhe nayo ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside. Ngemva konyaka, umyeni wakhe washona ngenxa yokuphuzwa utshwala.

Washada noSamoilova okwesithathu kuphela ngenhloso yokubuyisela isihloko se-Countess, esasilahlekelwe ngenxa yomshado wakhe nomculi. Impilo yakhe yonke wayekhokhela umyeni wakhe imali yesondlo esikhulu, engahlali naye. Ngakho-ke, wafa cishe empofu ngokuphelele.

Kubantu ababekhona empeleni ngendwangu, usengabona uBryullov ngokwakhe. Futhi endimeni yomdwebi ovala ikhanda lakhe ngebhokisi lamabhulashi namapende.

Fingqa. Kungani “Usuku Lokugcina LwasePompeii” luwumsebenzi wobuciko

“Usuku Lokugcina LwasePompeii” luyisikhumbuzo kuzo zonke izici. Indwangu enkulu - 3 by 6 amamitha. Inqwaba yezinhlamvu. Imininingwane eminingi lapho ungafunda khona isiko lasendulo laseRoma.

"Usuku Lokugcina lwasePompeii" yindaba ephathelene nenhlekelele, exoxwa kahle kakhulu nangempumelelo. Abalingisi badlale indima yabo ngokulahla. Imiphumela ekhethekile isezingeni eliphezulu. Ukukhanyisa kuyamangalisa. Kuyitiyetha, kodwa ithiyetha esezingeni eliphezulu.

Emdwebeni waseRussia, akekho omunye owayengakwazi ukudweba inhlekelele enjalo. Emdwebeni waseNtshonalanga, "iPompeii" ingafaniswa kuphela ne-"Raft of the Medusa" kaGéricault.

Futhi uBryullov ngokwakhe akakwazanga ukudlula yena. Ngemva "Pompeii" akazange akwazi ukudala wobuciko efanayo. Nakuba ezophila eminye iminyaka engu-19 ...

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Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.

isiZulu version