"I-Goldfinch" ka-Fabricius: isithombe songqondongqondo okhohliwe

"Yena (uFabricius) wayengumfundi waseRembrandt futhi enguthisha waseVermeer ... Futhi le canvas encane (umdwebo "Goldfinch") iyisixhumanisi esingekho kakhulu phakathi kwabo."

Ingcaphuno evela ku-Donna Tartt's The Goldfinch (2013)

Ngaphambi kokushicilelwa kwenoveli kaDonna Tartt, bambalwa abantu ababazi umculi onjengoFabricius (1622-1654). Futhi nakakhulu umdwebo wakhe omncane "Goldfinch" (33 x 23 cm).

Kodwa kwaba ngukubonga kumbhali ukuthi umhlaba wakhumbula inkosi. Futhi waba nesithakazelo emdwebeni wakhe.

UFabricius wayehlala eNetherlands ngekhulu le-XNUMX. AT I-Golden Age ye-Dutch Painting. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayenekhono kakhulu.

Kodwa bamkhohlwa. Laba bagxeki bezobuciko bakubheka njengengqopha-mlando ekuthuthukisweni kobuciko kanye nezinhlayiya zothuli zishaywa ku-Goldfinch. Futhi abantu abavamile, ngisho nabathandi bobuciko, abazi lutho ngaye.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Futhi yini ekhethekile ngale "Goldfinch" encane?

Yini engavamile "Goldfinch"

I-bird perch ixhunywe odongeni olukhanyayo, olungenalutho. I-goldfinch ihlala kubha ephezulu. Uyinyoni yasendle. Iketango linamathele ezidladleni zalo, ezingalivumeli ukuthi lisuke kahle.

I-Goldfinches yayiyisilwane esifuywayo esiyintandokazi e-Holland ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Njengoba babekwazi ukufundiswa ukuphuza amanzi, ababewakha ngedebe elincane. Bekunandisa ababungazi abanesithukuthezi.

"I-Goldfinch" ye-Fabricius iyingxenye yemidwebo ebizwa ngokuthi inkohliso. Babedume kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi eHolland. Bekubuye kube ukuzijabulisa kubanikazi besithombe. Gcoba izihambeli zakho ngomphumela we-3D.

Kodwa ngokungafani namanye amaqhinga amaningi angaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi kaFabricius unomehluko owodwa obalulekile.

Bhekisisa inyoni. Yini engavamile ngaye?

Imivimbo ebanzi, engenandaba. Zibonakala zingadonswanga ngokugcwele, okudala ukukhohlisa kwezimpaphe.

Kwezinye izindawo, upende uboshwe kancane ngomunwe, futhi kukhona izindawo ezingabonakali zopende we-lilac ekhanda nasesifubeni. Konke lokhu kudala umphumela wokungagxili.

Phela le nyoni kuthiwa iyaphila, futhi ngesizathu esithile uFabricius wanquma ukuyibhala engagxilile. Njengokungathi inyoni iyahamba, futhi kusukela kulokhu isithombe sigcotshwe kancane. Kungani ungakwenzi impressionism?

Kodwa-ke babengazi ngekhamera nangalo mphumela wesithombe futhi. Kodwa-ke, umdwebi we-intuitively waba nomuzwa wokuthi lokhu kuzokwenza isithombe siphile.

Lokhu kumhlukanisa kakhulu uFabritius kubantu besikhathi sakhe. Ikakhulukazi labo abasebenza ngobuqili. Bona, ngokuphambene nalokho, babeqiniseka ukuthi izindlela ezingokoqobo zicacile.

Bheka iqhinga elijwayelekile lomdwebi u-Van Hoogstraten.

Uma sisondeza isithombe, ukucaca kuzohlala. Yonke imivimbo ifihliwe, zonke izinto zibhalwa ngokucashile nangokucophelela kakhulu.

Iyini inkomba ka-Fabricius

UFabricius wafunda e-Amsterdam Rembrandt 3 iminyaka. Kodwa washeshe wasungula eyakhe indlela yokubhala.

Uma u-Rembrandt encamela ukubhala ukukhanya kokumnyama, u-Fabricius wabe esependa okumnyama ekukhanyeni. "Goldfinch" kule ndaba isithombe esivamile kuye.

Lo mehluko phakathi kukathisha nomfundi ubonakala ikakhulukazi ezithombeni, ikhwalithi u-Fabricius abengekho ngaphansi kwayo kuno-Rembrandt.

Kwesobunxele: UKarel Fabricius. Ukuzithwebula. 1654 National Gallery yaseLondon. Kwesokudla: Rembrandt. Ukuzithwebula. 1669 Ibid.

Rembrandt akakuthandanga ukukhanya kwemini. Futhi wadala umhlaba wakhe, owalukwa ngokukhazimula kwe-surreal, komlingo. U-Fabricius wenqaba ukubhala ngale ndlela, ekhetha ukukhanya kwelanga. Futhi wayiqamba kabusha ngobuciko obukhulu. Bheka nje i-Goldfinch.

Leli qiniso likhuluma kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lapho ufunda kunkosi enkulu, eqashelwa yiwo wonke umuntu (ngisho nalapho eqashelwa), unesilingo esikhulu sokumkopisha kukho konke.

Kwaba njalo nabafundi abaningi. Kodwa hhayi uFabricius. Le "nkani" yakhe ikhuluma kuphela ngethalenta elikhulu. Futhi ngokufuna ukuhamba ngendlela yakho.

Imfihlo kaFabritius, okungajwayelekile ukukhuluma ngayo

Futhi manje ngizokutshela ukuthi yini abagxeki bezobuciko abangathandi ukukhuluma ngayo.

Mhlawumbe imfihlo yobungqabavu obumangalisayo benyoni ilele eqinisweni lokuthi uFabricius wayengu ... umthwebuli wezithombe. Yebo, umthwebuli wezithombe wekhulu le-XNUMX!

Njengoba ngike ngabhala, u-Fabricius wabhala i-carduelis ngendlela engavamile kakhulu. Umenzi wamaqiniso angabonisa yonke into ngokucacile: zonke izinsiba, wonke amehlo.

Kungani umculi engeza umphumela wesithombe njengesithombe esifiphele kancane?

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Ngaqonda ukuthi kungani enze lokhu ngemva kokubuka iVermeer kaTim Jenison ka-2013.

Unjiniyela kanye nomsunguli baveze inqubo ka-Jan Vermeer. Ngabhala ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni mayelana nomculi "Jan Vermeer. Buyini ubungqayizivele benkosi.

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Kodwa lokho okusebenza ku-Vermeer kusebenza ku-Fabricius. Phela wake wasuka e-Amsterdam waya eDelft! Idolobha lapho kwakuhlala khona uVermeer. Cishe, lesi sakamuva safundisa iqhawe lethu okulandelayo.

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Umdwebi uthatha ilensi ayibeke ngemva kwakhe ukuze into ayifunayo ibonakale kuyo.

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Umdwebi ngokwakhe, ku-tripod yesikhashana, uthwebula ukubonakaliswa kwilensi ngesibuko futhi ubambe lesi sibuko phambi kwakhe (phakathi kwamehlo akhe neseyili).

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Ithatha umbala ofanayo nesibuko, isebenza emngceleni phakathi komphetho wayo kanye nendwangu. Ngokushesha nje lapho umbala ukhethwa ngokucacile, khona-ke ngokubukeka umngcele phakathi kwe-reflection kanye ne-canvas uyanyamalala.

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Khona-ke isibuko sihamba kancane futhi umbala wesinye isigaba esincane sikhethiwe. Ngakho-ke wonke ama-nuances adluliswa ngisho nokugxilisa ingqondo, okungenzeka lapho usebenza nama-lens.

Eqinisweni, uFabricius wayengumthwebuli wezithombe. Wadlulisela ukuboniswa kwelensi kukhanvasi. AKAKHETHI imibala. Awuzange ukhethe amafomu. Kodwa wasebenza ngobuciko ngamathuluzi!

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Abahlaziyi bezobuciko abawuthandi lo mbono. Phela, kuye kwashiwo okuningi ngombala ogqamile (okungakhethwa ngumdwebi), mayelana nesithombe esidaliwe (nakuba lesi sithombe singokoqobo, sidluliswa kahle, njengokungathi sithwetshuliwe). Akekho ofuna ukubuyisa amazwi abo.

Nokho, akuwona wonke umuntu onokungabaza ngale nkolelo-mbono.

Umdwebi wesimanje odumile uDavid Hockney naye uqinisekile ukuthi ongcweti abaningi baseDutch basebenzise amalensi. Futhi uJan Van Eyck wabhala incwadi yakhe ethi "The Arnolfini Couple" ngale ndlela. Futhi nakakhulu u-Vermeer no-Fabricius.

Kodwa lokhu akubaphazamisi ubuhlakani babo. Phela, le ndlela ihilela ukukhetha ukubunjwa. Futhi kufanele usebenze ngamapende ngobuciko. Futhi akuwona wonke umuntu ongadlulisa umlingo wokukhanya.

Ukufa kabuhlungu kukaFabricius

UFabricius washona kabuhlungu eneminyaka engu-32. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezizathu ezingaphezu kwamandla akhe.

Uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela kungazelelwe, wonke amadolobha aseDashi ayenesitolo sezibhamu. Ngo-October 1654, kwenzeka ingozi. Lesi sitolo siqhumile. Futhi nalo, ingxenye yesithathu yedolobha.

U-Fabricius ngalesi sikhathi wayesebenza ku-portrait studio yakhe. Eminye imisebenzi yakhe eminingi yayikhona. Wayesemusha, futhi umsebenzi wawungathengiswanga kangako.

Kwasinda imisebenzi eyi-10 kuphela, njengoba yayisemaqoqweni angasese ngaleso sikhathi. Kuhlanganisa "Goldfinch".

Ukube bekungengenxa yokufa okungazelelwe, ngiqinisekile ukuthi u-Fabricius ubeyothola ezinye izinto eziningi ekudwebeni. Mhlawumbe ubezosheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuciko. Noma mhlawumbe bekuzokwehluka kancane. Kodwa akusebenzanga...

Futhi i-Goldfinch ka-Fabritius ayizange yebiwe emnyuziyamu, njengoba kuchazwe encwadini kaDonna Tartt. Ilenga ngokuphephile kugalari yase-The Hague. Eduze kwemisebenzi kaRembrandt noVermeer.

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Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.

Inguqulo yesiNgisi yesihloko