Joan Miro. Umculi-imbongi

“Ngizama ukusebenzisa imibala njengamagama akha izinkondlo.” UJoan Miro

U-Joan Miro uyi-abstractionism kanye ne-surrealism ebhodleleni elilodwa. Ifakwe isosha esihlatshelelwayo nemifanekiso. Bakwethu UPablo Picasso и Salvador Dali, wakwazi ukungahlali ethunzini labo. Dala isitayela sakho esiyingqayizivele.

Umculi wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa e-Barcelona ngo-1893. U-Joan wabonisa isithakazelo sokudweba kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kodwa abazali abaqinile babezimisele ukunikeza indodana yabo imfundo engathi sína.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, uJoan, ngokuphikelela kukayise, uthola umsebenzi wokuba umsizi womgcinimabhuku.

Umsebenzi oyisidina, ongenawo umsebenzi wokusungula waba nomthelela omubi empilweni kaJoan. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhathala kwemizwa, ugula nge-typhus.

Kwamthatha unyaka wonke uJoan ukuba alashwe futhi alulame kulesi sifo. Abazali abasabizi umbono wabo endodaneni yabo. Futhi ekugcineni ungena ngekhanda kwezobuciko.

Okokuqala kusebenza. I-Fauvism kanye neCubism

Le nsizwa ithanda kakhulu isimanjemanje. Wakhangwa ikakhulukazi uFauvism kanye neCubism.

I-Fauvism ibonakala ngokuveza kanye nemibala "yasendle". Ummeleli oqhakazile weFauvism - UHenri Matisse. I-Cubism iyisithombe esenziwe lula seqiniso, lapho isithombe sihlukaniswa izingxenye zejometri. Lapha uMiro wathonywa kakhulu uPicasso.

Kwesobunxele: U-Henri Matisse. I-Goldfish. 1911 I-Pushkin Museum im. A.S. Pushkin, eMoscow. Kwesokudla: uPablo Picasso. Ivayolini. 1912 Ibid. art-museum.ru.

UMiró unikela ngemidwebo yakhe yokuqala kwabahle baseCatalonia. Ezindaweni zakhe kukhona amasimu omdabu, izindawo ezilinywayo, imizana. Inhlanganisela emangalisayo yeFauvism neCubism.

E-"Village Prades" ungabona kalula kokubili i-Matisse ne-Picasso. Akuyena lo Miro esimaziyo lo. Usazifunela yena.

Futhi umphakathi wawungamazi ngokukhethekile. Umbukiso wakhe wokuqala ngo-1917 wehluleka ngokudabukisayo. Ngokusobala ngaleso sikhathi iSpain eyayisadla ngoludala yayingakakulungeli ubuciko obunjalo. Amazwi omunye umgxeki maqondana noMiro afika kithina: “Uma lokhu kuwukudweba, nami-ke Velazquez".

iqiniso lobunkondlo

UMiro wanquma ukusishintsha kakhulu isitayela sakhe. Kangangoba uyamangala. Ngoba umculi waqala ukusebenza ngesitayela samaqiniso esinkondlo.

Upenda izindawo, ezenziwe ngokucophelela nangemininingwane. Kodwa akuzona izithombe. Abukho ubuthathu-ntathu kanye noshintsho olubushelelezi ukusuka ekukhanyeni kuye ethunzini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isithombe siyisicaba. Futhi yonke imininingwane ibonakala inokuphila kwayo.

Umdwebo ka-Miró odume kakhulu ngalesi sitayela i-Farm.

Yiqiniso, ukuba ngokoqobo okunjalo kwakungelula. UMiró wasebenza emdwebeni amahora angu-8 nsuku zonke izinyanga ezingu-9. Umsebenzi wathengwa ngu-Ernest Hemingway ngama-franc angu-5000. Impumelelo yokuqala, impahla kuhlanganise.

Ukuziveza kwakhe ekuqaleni kwesihloko kubhalwe nangesitayela samaqiniso sobunkondlo. Sibona yonke imibimbi nawo wonke ama-crease ehembe leciko.

Kodwa ngokusobala umdwebi wazizwa efile. Futhi wanquma ukuthi ezweni lakubo akukho lapho angakhula khona.

i-surrealism engabonakali

Ngo-1921, uMiró wathuthela eParis, lapho ahlangana khona futhi wahlangana eduze nama-surrealists. Kanti uMiro useshintsha isitayela okwesithathu. Yiqiniso, ngaphansi kwethonya surrealism.

Uya ngokuya eqhela ekuchazeni imininingwane eya ekudluliselweni kwemizwa nemizwa. I-Miro ihlanganisa amafomu angempela nangabonakali. Imibuthano, amachashazi, izinto ezifana namafu. Njengomdwebo othi "Inhloko ye-Catalan yabalimi".

“Inhloko Yomlimi WaseCatalan” ingomunye wemidwebo evelele kaMiró yangaleso sikhathi. Naye ngokwakhe wasekela amahlebezi okuthi wathola ugqozi emibonweni yakhe siqu. Okwenzeka kuye eSpain ngesikhathi sendlala.

Kodwa kwakungenjalo. Sibona imigqa ecacile yakha isithombe. Konke kuhleliwe. Ngandlela-thile, ukucophelela okunjalo akuhambisani nhlobo nokukhuluma ngokungacabangi komuntu siqu.

Eminyakeni efanayo, umdwebo othi "Harlequin Carnival" wadalwa.

Awucabangi ukuthi ifana kakhulu neThe Farm? Inqwaba efanayo yemininingwane engacatshangelwa amahora. Le mininingwane kuphela emangalisayo, emoyeni we-surrealism.

UMiro weza endaweni efanayo, wengeza kuphela i-surrealism encane yemfashini. Futhi umphakathi waseFrance wawuthanda. Ekugcineni kwafika impumelelo. Bakhuluma ngaye, bamenze isibonelo, babheke kuye.

Ngo-1929, uJoan Miro ushada. Unendodakazi. Uwondla ngokugcwele umndeni wakhe ngomsebenzi wakhe. Lokhu ekugcineni kumbuyisanisa nabazali bakhe. Ubani owabona ukusebenza kwendodana yabo njengomculi.

Kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1939 kwakunezingxabano zombango eSpain. Umdwebi uphendula lezi zenzakalo ngemisebenzi emibili: "Umvuni" oyisikhumbuzo (manje olahlekile) kanye "Usaphila Ngesicathulo Esidala".

Izinto ezivamile zivezwe ngokukhanya okungelona iqiniso, njengokungathi umdwebi ukwazile ukuzithwebula ngesikhathi sokufa.

Futhi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, uMiró wadala uchungechunge lwakhe oludumile lwe-Constellation. Sekuvele impumelelo emhlabeni wonke. Yila maqoqo ezinkanyezi abonakala kakhulu. Kuzo, "Ipulazi" elasungulwa isikhathi eside liyabonakala.

Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo

U-Joan Miro akazange azigcinele i-surrealism engabonakali. Waqhubeka nokuzama. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe iqhathaniswa ngisho nayo Paul Klee, omunye ummeleli ovelele wesimanjemanje.

Kwesobunxele: Joan Miro. Ekuseni. 1968 Iqoqo langasese. 2queens.ru. Kwesokudla: Paul Klee. Izimbali ezintathu. 1920 Paul Klee Centre eBern, eSwitzerland. I-Rothko-pollock.ru.

Eqinisweni, le misebenzi inokuncane efana ngayo. Amabala anombala amakhulu ngesitayela Gauguin. Kodwa konke okunye kuhlukile. UMiro uyaphupha. Udinga ukuzama kanzima ukuze ubone ukusa kwangempela ku-"Dawn" yakhe. Kodwa u-Klee ucacile. Singabona kahle izimbali.

Ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, u-Joan Miro wafeza iphupho lakhe lakudala lobuciko obuyisikhumbuzo: udala iphaneli yodonga endaweni yokudlela yaseHilton Hotel.

I-Miro-sculptor

Njengamanje, umsebenzi kaMiro ungabonakala emhlabeni wonke. Ngendlela yezithombe eziyinqaba. Njengokungathi udalwe izidalwa zangaphandle.

Abadume kakhulu kubo "Woman and Bird" e-Barcelona kanye "no-Miss Chicago" e-USA.

Nxele: "Mfazi nenyoni". Ngo-1983 uJoan Miro Park e-Barcelona. Ru.wikipedia.org. Kwesokudla: Miss Chicago. 1981 Downtown Chicago Loop, USA. I-TripAdvisor.ru.

Yiqiniso, lezi yizithombe eziqoshiwe ezinkulu, ngasinye esingaphansi kwamamitha angu-20. UMiro ubuye abe nezithombe eziqoshiwe ezincane, ubude bomuntu obuyi-1,5. Njengokuthi "Uhlamvu" ngokwesibonelo. Amakhophi ombhali wakhe angabonakala emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngo-1975, kwavulwa i-Joan Miro Foundation, okwamanje enemisebenzi engu-14 eyenziwa yinkosi.

Ngicabanga ukuthi uMiro wayengomunye wabaculi abambalwa besikhathi esikwazi ukubona yonke imibono yakhe. Nakuba waqhubeka esebenza kwaze kwaba usuku lokugcina lwempilo yakhe ende.

Lo mculi washona ngo-1983 emzini wakhe ePalma de Mallorca eneminyaka engu-90.

UJoan Miro eRussia

Iminyuziyamu yaseRussia ayizange ithenge imisebenzi yakhe. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi owodwa kuphela othi "Ukwakheka", owanikelwa ngo-1927 ngumculi ngokwakhe, ugcinwe eRussia.

Imisebenzi yakhe eminingi isemaqoqweni angasese, ngezinye izikhathi atholakala emphakathini jikelele. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukutadisha umsebenzi wakhe, kungcono ukuya eSpain naseFrance.

Ake sifingqa

- UJoan Miro ungomunye wabameleli abaqhakazile besimanjemanje. Kanye noPablo Picasso kanye Paul Klee.

- Isitayela sikaMiro sishintshe kakhulu izikhathi eziningana. Kulokhu ungowesibili ngemuva kwePicasso enezinhlaka eziningi. Kwanele ukubheka isakhiwo esifanayo eminyakeni ehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, umama.

Kwesobunxele: Umama. 1908 Marasel Museum, Spain. Kunene: Umama. 1924 National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh. I-Rothko-pollock.ru.

- U-Joan Miro kungenzeka ukuthi athathwe njenge-surrealist. Unemisebenzi eminingi lapho isihloko singahambisani nesithombe. Indlela eyintandokazi yama-surrealists.

Futhi amagama ngokwawo awanangqondo, kodwa ankondlo kakhulu. “Smile of flaming wings”…

- UMiro ungomunye wabaculi abambalwa abanambitha impumelelo nodumo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Ifa lakhe likhulu kakhulu. Umsebenzi wakhe usavame ukudayiswa ezindalini.

***

Amazwana abanye abafundi bona ngezansi. Zivame ukungezwa kahle esihlokweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukwabelana ngombono wakho mayelana nomdwebo kanye nomdwebi, futhi ubuze umbhali umbuzo.

Umfanekiso oyinhloko: Joan Miro. Ukuzithwebula. 1919 Picasso Museum, Paris. autoritratti.wordpress.com.