Ama-Tattoos Anemifanekiso: Umlando, Imiklamo kanye Nabaculi

1. Ukuphathwa
2. Izitayela
3. okufanekisayo

Kulesi sihloko, sihlola umlando, izitayela, nabadwebi besitayela se-tattoo esinemifanekiso.

Abonakala ngokushesha ngenxa yekhwalithi yemigqa nesitayela, ama-tattoos anemifanekiso angaphutha kalula ngemidwebo yesikhumba elula. Ngemvelaphi ejulile emandulo yomuntu, kusukela ku-primitivism kuya ku-modernism, sithola umlando, izitayela namaciko asebenzisa izindlela zokudweba eziphilayo nezinhlobonhlobo ukuze bakhe imisebenzi yabo.

Umlando Wama-tattoos Abonisayo

Kukhona ukunyakaza okuningi okuhlukene emlandweni wokudweba okuqhubekisele phambili le nqubo phambili kwezobuciko obuhle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi kunabaculi abaningi, amasu, nezimo zomlando eziyingxenye yesitayela se-tattoo esinemifanekiso, sigqamise amathrendi adume kakhulu kulolu hlobo. Sifake isitayela sokuqopha nokuqopha, ukuthinta okufana nomdwebo, imidwebo yokuqala ye-Old Masters yemisebenzi yobuciko, i-Abstract Expressionism, i-German Expressionism, nokuningi. Kukhona futhi amasu amaningi ahlukene asetshenziswa kwisitayela se-tattoo esifanekisayo. Okunamachashazi, amachashazi, umsebenzi womugqa, ukufiphaza... izindlela zokufaka uyinki ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthungwa noma ukubukeka okufunayo. Sizamile ukuhlanganisa izindlela eziningi ezahlukene zamaciko asebenza ngazo kulesi sitayela, kodwa ngokuthanda komuntu siqu kanye nemiqondo engqondweni, izinketho cishe azinamkhawulo!

Ubuciko be-rock obudala kakhulu buneminyaka engaba ngu-40,000 ubudala. Kubonakala sengathi ukuziveza kudala njengobuntu, futhi ngenkathi ungase ucabange ukuthi le midwebo izoba lula, ayikude neze nokuba njalo. Imidwebo yenyathi e-Altamira Cave, yangonyaka wezi-20,000 eminyakeni engu-2011 edlule, inemininingwane emangalisayo futhi icacile. Ebonisa isimo sesilwane ngezindlela ezingabonakali ze-cubism, ahlukumeza ngendlela esabekayo esikhathini samanje. Kungashiwo okufanayo ngeChauvet Cave, okwaqoshwa ngayo ifilimu ebhalwe nguWerner Herzog ngo-30,000. Umhume waseChauvet-Pont-d'Arc, oseningizimu yeFrance, ungesinye sezibonelo ezigcinwe kakhulu zobuciko be-rock kusukela cishe eminyakeni eyi-XNUMX edlule. Ukunyakaza, ikhwalithi yemigqa, ukubekwa kwezibala zombala zonke ezinye zezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zomfanekiso womuntu. Futhi nakuba kungase kubonakale kukude ne-tattoo engokomfanekiso, imigede ifakazela ukuthi lesi sitayela sinembile futhi sibalulekile kangakanani esintwini.

Nakuba ithonya lobuciko bedwala lingabonakala mhlawumbe ku-Cubism, Abstract Expressionism nokunye, umdwebo wawuvame ukubonwa njengomdwebo wokuqala, ohambisana neziphakamiso zezakhiwo, noma inqubo yokuhlela umdwebo. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, ezinye zazo zisasetshenziswa abadwebi bezithombe njengogqozi lwemisebenzi yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, thatha incwadi kaLeonardo da Vinci ethi Vitruvian Man. Umdwebo awenza ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 obonisa izilinganiso ezifanele zomuntu njengoba zichazwe uVitruvius, umdwebi wamapulani wasendulo ongumRoma. Akuyona nje isithombe, kodwa futhi umqondo we-geometry engcwele uvame ukusetshenziswa emsebenzini wezithombe ngenxa yemvelaphi nezindlela. Ngakho, nakuba umfanekiso uvame ukuba nezindlela eziveza imizwa, ungasiza ekuthwebuleni imibono nezenzakalo, noma njengosizo olubonakalayo lokukhangisa. Ngokusobala, ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwekhamera ngo-1816, abantu babengenazo izindlela zokudlulisa noma ukukhiqiza kabusha iqiniso ngaphandle kwendlela yokudweba, ngakho-ke izitayela eziningi zathuthukiswa emhlabeni wonke.

Izitayela nabadwebi bama-tattoos anemifanekiso

Isitayela sokuqopha nokuqoshwa okuvame ukubonakala emsebenzini omnyama siyingxenye ye-tattoo engokomfanekiso. Izingodo nazo zithathwa njengezalo mndeni. Ezimweni eziningi, imidwebo yomkhiqizo ophelile ohlosiwe ihlanganisa imidwebo njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza umsebenzi onemininingwane. I-Odd Tattooist, u-Aaron Aziel noFranco Maldonado bangabanye abaculi abavame ukusebenzisa lesi sitayela somugqa osindayo emsebenzini wabo. Igqugquzelwe umsebenzi kaGoya, uGustave Doré, noma u-Albrecht Dürer, ingaba nokubukeka kwe-surreal noma okumnyama kuye ngokuthanda komuntu siqu komdwebi we-tattoo. Amaciko athambekele kulesi sitayela se-tattoo engokomfanekiso ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinaliti zomugqa ocolisekile ngokuhambisana nezindlela zokudweba ezifana nokuchanyuselwa okuwela, ukuchanyuselwa okuhambisanayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imivimbo emincane. Lezi zitayela zomugqa ezikhethekile zinhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kabusha ukuthungwa koboya noma ukubukeka kwamaphrinti aqoshiwe noma aqoshiwe.

Abaculi be-tattoo abagqugquzelwe ukuqoshwa nokuqoshwa ngokuvamile bawela esigabeni se-Blackwork noma I-Dark Art. Kuyacaca ukuthi kungani; abaculi ababukwayo kanye nezingcweti zesikhathi esidlule abathonya le misebenzi babevame ukuba nesithakazelo kufilosofi ye-esoteric, i-alchemy kanye nemilingo. Izimpawu, amademoni, nezidalwa zasenganekwaneni zingavezwa ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa le misebenzi yobuciko ivamise ukususelwa kokumnyama noma okumnyama nokumpunga. U-Alexander Grim uyisibonelo esihle kakhulu salokhu. Abanye abaculi abafana noDerek Noble basebenzisa umbala, kodwa ngokuvamile amathoni ajulile kakhulu njengegazi elibomvu noma eliwolintshi elikhanyayo. Abanye abaculi abanjengoChristian Casas bagqugquzelwa imiqondo efanayo futhi bavame ukulandela izitayela eziningana ezahlukene; Ihlanganisa i-Dark Art kanye ne-Neo Traditional, i-Casas isathambekele kumdwebo onemifanekiso onesibindi.

Esinye isitayela somdwebo we-tattoo sithonywe kakhulu yi-German Expressionism, ubuhle obuhlehlela emuva ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe I futhi bafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngawo-1920. Mhlawumbe omunye wabaculi abanethonya kakhulu kule nkathi kanye nokunyakaza ngu-Egon Schiele, owashona esemncane kakhulu eneminyaka engu-28 ngo-1918. Kodwa-ke, iphothifoliyo yakhe ikhuthaze abaculi abaningi okuhlanganisa abaculi baseKorea uNadia, Lizo noPanta Choi. . Mhlawumbe ingxenye yokuphindaphinda ubuciko obuhle okwamanje obushaya umphakathi wama-tattoo, umugqa omncane ulungele imigqa ecacile abanayo abaculi abafana no-Schiele no-Modigliani. Kukhona abanye abaculi be-tattoo abaphefumulelwe yilo mnyakazo, ikakhulukazi abaculi abafana no-Ernst Ludwig Kirchner no-Käthe Kollwitz ababaziwa ngokuphrinta kwabo okumangalisayo. Lawa ma-tattoos avame ukuba nemigqa eminyene, kodwa imiklamo isaveza ukunyakaza okunamandla, njengama-tattoos emigqa emincane.

Yiqiniso, konke ukunyakaza kobuciko kuhluke kakhulu, kodwa inkulumo engabonakali, i-cubism ne-fauvism ihlobene eduze ngokombala, ukwakheka kanye nesimo, kodwa ngayinye yazo ibe nethonya layo ekudwebeni kwemidwebo. Amaciko abambe iqhaza kule minyakazo afana no-Picasso, Willem de Koonig kanye no-Cy Twombly benza imisebenzi ethinta imizwa futhi evame ukuba nemibala eminingi. Ngokusebenzisa amafomu angabonakali, ukunyakaza kwemigqa esheshayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amagama, imizimba nobuso, lawa maciko nokunyakaza kwawo kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza abaqoqi namaciko ngokufanayo. U-Aykhan Karadag, kanye no-Carlo Armen no-Jeff Seyferd, bakopishe imidwebo ka-Picasso noma baxuba isitayela sakhe esinesibindi nesigqamile nesabo. Umdwebi waseParis u-Maison Matemose ungumdwebi we-tattoo ongabonakali futhi obonisa imifanekiso, ofana nomdwebi wase-Korea u-Gong Greem, osebenzisa imibala egqamile nomumo njengo-Kandinsky. Abaculi abafana no-Servadio kanye no-Rita Salt nabo babelana ngomugqa wekhwalithi esindayo ethathwe kumsuka wama-primitivist wokusho nokukhipha. Umsebenzi wabo ngokuvamile ungokomfanekiso, kodwa lokho ubuhle bomsebenzi wezithombe: uhlale uthuthukiswa ubuntu nesitayela somculi.

Ubuciko bamaJapane namaShayina bube nomthelela kwezobuciko ezibukwayo emhlabeni wonke amakhulu eminyaka. Kulesi sigaba kuphela kunezitayela eziningi ezahlukene. Imigqa ye-calligraphic ivame ukubukeka inomusa futhi izenzekela, kodwa ngandlela-thile iveza kahle isihloko esikhethiwe. Umdwebi we-tattoo uNadia uncike kulesi sitayela, esebenzisa izisindo zemigqa ehlukahlukene kanye nemidwebo edwetshiwe ukuze enze umsebenzi wakhe. I-Irezumi, vele, nayo ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekudwebeni imidwebo. Lawa ma-tattoos ase-Japanese adonsa kakhulu ubuhle bawo emibhalweni ye-ukiyo-e yenkathi ye-Edo. Uhlaka, umbono oyisicaba, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwephethini zonke izici ezivame ukutholakala kulawa maphrinti. Ngisho namanje, imiklamo eminingi yaseJapane inohlaka olumnyama olubushelelezi, njengokungathi umdwebi we-tattoo udwebe ipeni esikhumbeni. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwephethini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umbala, lolu hlaka lubalulekile. Lokhu kwenza imidwebo icace futhi ibambe i-pigment. Izindlela zokubonisa ngokuvamile azisetshenziselwa ubuhle kuphela, kunezizathu zokuthi kungani abaculi be-tattoo basebenza ngale ndlela. Ngama-tattoo ase-Japanese anama-chrysanthemum, ama-kimono amahle ayinkimbinkimbi, noma izikali zikadrako eziningi, okuwenza abe lula ngohlaka olubanzi. Abanye abaculi abasebenza kulo mkhakha wokudwetshwa kwemidwebo engokomfanekiso uChris Garver, uHenning Jorgensen, u-Amy James, uMike Rubendall, uSergei Buslaev, uLupo Horiokami, uRion, uBrindi, uLuca Ortiz, uDansin, noWendy Pham.

Ngokushesha ubheka i-Irezumi, ungabona ithonya le-Neo Traditional, olunye uhlobo lwe-tattoo enemifanekiso. Ayikhuthazwa kuphela ngamaphrinti afanayo we-Ukiyo-e Irezumi, kodwa futhi izitayela ze-Art Nouveau ne-Art Deco. Ikakhulukazi, isitayela se-Art Nouveau sathonywa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo kwaseJapane njengombono, kanye nemigqa egobile enomusa yokubeka ozimele, ubuso, nezitshalo. I-Art Nouveau yayinethezeka futhi iwubukhazikhazi kuneningi lemisebenzi yezandla yaseJapane eyayikhuthaza, kodwa ungabona ukusetshenziswa okuhle kwephethini, ifiligree, kanye nemihlobiso emsebenzini wabadwebi be-tattoo uHannah Flowers, Miss Juliet, no-Anthony Flemming. Abanye balaba baculi badlulela ngale kwesitayela se-tattoo esingokomfanekiso ukuze babukeke bebahle kakhulu, njengo-Aimee Cornwell, nokho usengabona inhlansi yabaculi be-art nouveau. Abanye ongcweti bezobuciko abanjengo-Alphonse Mucha, uGustav Klimt no-Aubrey Beardsley; imidwebo eminingi yomsebenzi wabo yenziwa ngoyinki.

I-Neo-traditional akusona kuphela isitayela se-tattoo esinezithombe esithonywe u-Irezumi no-Ukiyo-e. Opopayi baseJapan, abanomlando ocebile owabo, baqashelwe kabanzi phesheya kwezilwandle ngokuzijwayeza kwaseNtshonalanga, ama-dubs, namanethiwekhi aseqale ukusebenzisa i-anime ezinhlelweni zawo. I-Toonami, eqale ukubonakala njengesiqephu sasemini nakusihlwa ku-Cartoon Network, ifake izinhlelo ezifana ne-Dragon Ball Z, i-Sailor Moon, i-Outlaw Star, ne-Gundam Wing. Kwenzeke futhi ngenxa yokwenziwa kwezindawo zezitudiyo zokugqwayiza ezinekhono eliphezulu njenge-Studio Ghibli. Ngisho namanje, abaculi abaningi be-tattoo bayacelwa ukuthi baphindaphinde izinhlamvu ezivela ku-anime ne-manga, ikakhulukazi kuhlobo lwe-tattoo yeSikole Esisha. Izitayela ze-tattoo ezibonisa imifanekiso azihlanganisi amahlaya aseJapane kuphela, kodwa namahlaya omhlaba kanye namanoveli ayingcaca. Amaqhawe amangalisayo asephenduke uhlanya lwakamuva, futhi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-90s, ama-tattoos e-Disney afaka abalingisi abayintandokazi noma izigcawu bezilokhu zithrendayo phakathi kwabaqoqi. Kulula ukubona ukuthi kungani; ama-tattoo asetshenziselwa abantu ukuveza abakuthandayo…i-anime, i-manga, amahlaya, kanye ne-Pixar kuvame ukuba nabanye abalandeli abathanda kakhulu abathanda ukupenda isikhumba sabo. Iningi le-anime namahlaya aqala ukudwetshwa… futhi nakuba amamuvi amaningi nezincwadi ekhiqizwa ngekhompuyutha kulezi zinsuku, imigqa isasetshenziswa ebonisa isitayela esingokomfanekiso se-tattoo.

Esinye isitayela somdwebo we-tattoo yi-Chicano. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi kungani umsebenzi omningi kulolu hlobo ungumfanekiso kangaka uhlobene nomthelela kanye nemvelaphi yawo. Uma kubhekwa izimpande zakhe kumdwebo wepensela nowe-ballpoint, akumangazi ukuthi ngokwesitayela, umsebenzi wobuciko uhlanganisa lawa masu kanye nesizinda samasiko esicebile ngendlela emangalisayo. Nakuba abantu abaningi bewazi umsebenzi kaFrida Kahlo no-Diego Rivera, abanye abaculi abafana noJesus Helguera, uMaria Izquierdo noDavid Alfaro Siqueiros nabo bebehamba phambili ekudaleni ubuciko baseMexico. Umsebenzi wabo, kanye namanye amaciko aseNingizimu Melika, wawugxile kakhulu ekuboniseni izingxabano zezombangazwe, izethulo zemindeni, nemifanekiso yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Kamuva, kwavela izindlela zesimanje zesitayela ezathonywa ngokuqondile ukuphila ngemva kokuboshwa. Besebenzisa izinto ezimbalwa ababenazo ejele noma kuma-barrios agcwele indawo yase-Los Angeles, amaciko adonse ugqozi ngokuqondile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo kwempilo, njengabanduleli bawo bobuciko. Izigcawu zempilo yeqembu lezigelekeqe, abesifazane abahle, izimoto ezibukekayo ezibhalwe i-filigree neziphambano zamaKhatholika zashintsha ngokushesha zisuka emifanekisweni edwetshwe ngesandla efana namaduku ahlotshiswe ngepeni lebhola kanye nezingubo zokulala ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-Paños kuya kuma-tattoos angokomfanekiso. Iziboshwa zasebenzisa ubuhlakani obuphelele ukuze zenze umshini wokuzenzela izithombe futhi, zisebenzisa i-inki emnyama noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela, ziveza lokho ezazikwazi kangcono. U-Chuco Moreno, uFreddy Negrete, u-Chui Quintanar kanye no-Tamara Santibanez bahamba phambili ekudwebeni kwe-Chicano yesimanje.

Njengoba ubona, i-tattoo enemifanekiso ihlanganisa izitayela eziningi ezahlukene, amasiko, izindaba kanye nemiqondo. Ubuhle balolu hlobo lwe-tattoo ukuthi lumane lumelela ukusetshenziswa komugqa; uma i-tattoo ibukeka sengathi ingadwetshwa ephepheni esikhundleni sesikhumba, cishe ingumfanekiso. Yiqiniso, amanye ama-tattoos asekelwe emifanekisweni kakhulu kunamanye, kodwa ukuhlukahluka kokubukeka, inani lezitayela, ikhono lomdwebi likhulu ... yonke into mayelana nalesi sitayela esithile iyakhuthaza futhi ibalulekile kufomu lobuciko be-tattoo.

By Justin Morrow