I-Tribal Tattoos: Umlando, Izitayela Nabaculi

1. Ukuphathwa
2. Izitayela
3. Isizwe

Kulesi sihloko, sihlola umlando, izitayela, kanye nezingcweti ezigcina isiko le-tattoo lesizwe liphila.

Imvelaphi yawo wonke ama-tattoos isemlandweni wasendulo wesintu. Ama-tattoos esizwe aqala lapho umugqa wesikhathi womphakathi uqala, ezindaweni ezihlakazekile emhlabeni jikelele. Amachashazi amnyama nemigqa, ngokuvamile eyisiko noma imikhuba engcwele, izingxenye eziyinhloko zesiko le-tattoo yezizwe ezibanzi. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda kabanzi mayelana nemvelaphi ethobekile yokuzidweba, indlela ubuciko obudala besintu obaqala ngayo, imilando egqagqene, izitayela, namaciko aphila ngaleso sikhathi agcina leli siko lasendulo lisesikhathini samanje.

Umlando we-tribal tattoos

Mhlawumbe odume kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-tattoos ezizwe ngu-Otzi the Iceman. Kutholwe emngceleni ophakathi kwe-Austria ne-Italy, umzimba ka-Otzi umbozwe ama-tattoos angu-61, wonke enziwe aba lula ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ahlanganisa kuphela imigqa evundlile noma eqondile. Umugqa ngamunye wadalwa ngamalahle alandelela ukusikeka okuncane, kodwa ungamangali ngezimpawu zawo ezilula; nakuba ayephila eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5,000 XNUMX edlule, umphakathi wakubo wawuthuthuke ngokumangalisayo. Ucwaningo olusha olushicilelwe ku-International Journal of Paleopathology luchaza ukuthi akukona nje kuphela ukuthi amakhambi nezitshalo ezitholakala ku-Otzi zinokubaluleka okuphawulekayo kwezokwelapha, kodwa wonke ama-tattoos akhe afana namaphuzu okutshopa. Lezi zinkomba ezincane mayelana nempilo ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ye-Bronze zisinika umbono othakazelisayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-tattoos esizwe sokuqala: cishe ayeyikhambi lokugula noma ubuhlungu.

Amasampula okuqala ama-tattoos esizwe atholwe kumamumu amaningi avela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba futhi asukela ezikhathini ezahlukene. I-tattoo yesibili endala ingekamama wendoda yaseChinchorro eyayiphila phakathi kuka-2563 no-1972 BC futhi yatholakala enyakatho yeChile. Kutholakale ama-tattoo ezidumbu zezidumbu e-Egypt, endala kakhulu ebonisa iphethini yamachashazi alula ezizungeze isisu esingezansi, kodwa muva nje kutholwe isidumbu esilondoloziwe esinemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlanganisa izimbali ze-lotus, izilwane, namehlo ka-Wadjet. , eyaziwa nangokuthi Iso likaHorus. Owesifazane okukholakala ukuthi ungumfundisi kuthiwa wacwiliswa ngo-1300 no-1070 BC. I-inki yakhe iphinde ibe yinkomba enkulu ku-ethnology yama-tattoo emiphakathini eyahlukene; abavubukuli abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinto, ikakhulukazi, zinesimiso esingokwesiko nesingcwele kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, mhlawumbe umama omdala onama-tattoos ezizwe, osondelene kakhulu nombono wethu wesimanje wama-tattoos, uyiphethini esikhumbeni se-Princess Ukok. Kukholakala ukuthi wafa cishe ngo-500 BC. endaweni manje eyiningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSiberia. Ama-tattoos akhe abonisa izidalwa zasenganekwaneni futhi ahlotshiswe ngokwedlulele. Okuningi okunemininingwane eminingi futhi okunemibala kunokutholwa ngumama wesikhathi esidlule, inkosazana iyisixhumanisi sokuvela kwe-tribal tattooing kanye ne-tattooing yesimanje. Kukholelwa ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe ayibonisi isimo senhlalo kuphela, kodwa futhi izibopho zomndeni, izimpawu nefilosofi.

Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana nama-tattoos asePolynesia. Esetshenziselwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka, lawa ma-tattoos ezizwe angenye yezinto eziyisisekelo zokudwetshwa kwesimanje. NjengoNkosazana u-Ukoka, imidwebo yasePolynesia ibonisa amasiko okuqalisa, impumelelo yesikhathi sempi, ukuhlangana kwemindeni, indawo, ubuntu, nefilosofi. Ngezithombe eziningi kanye nezimpawu, lezi zingcezu zobuciko bomzimba ziye zasinda phakathi neminyaka ngokulondolozwa nokuhlonipha isiko. Ngisho namanje, abaculi abaningi be-tribal tattoo bayaqaphela ngokuqinisekile ukufaneleka futhi benza kuphela lesi sitayela esithile uma befundiswe ngokugcwele futhi beqeqeshwe kuso. Imigqa emikhulu emnyama, imigqa, amachashazi, ama-swirls, ama-abstract motifs nezimpawu ziyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza abaculi nabathandi be-tattoo emhlabeni jikelele.

Izitayela ze-Tribal tattoo

Ama-tattoos ezizwe atholakale emhlabeni wonke, anezinkulungwane zeminyaka ubudala futhi, kanye nobuciko be-rock kanye nezitsha zobumba, kuyindlela endala yobuciko esekhona yesintu. Kuyacaca ukuthi isintu besilokhu sinesidingo esijulile sokukhuluma kanye nencazelo; ama-tattoos aqhubeka eyindlela yalokhu. Ngenhlanhla, amasu, izinto zokwakha, kanye nolwazi luzungeza ngokukhululekile kulezi zinsuku, futhi isitayela sezizwe sokudweba umzimba sisekelwe kubuciko besintu obuningi nobuhle. Isakhiwe kakhulu imigqa emnyama, amachashazi, kanye nokwakheka okungacacile, amaciko ayaqhubeka nokuphusha imingcele. Ukubumba izimpawu ezintsha nokuhlanganisa isitayela sabo somuntu siqu nama-tattoos esizwe sasendulo, amaklayenti angakhetha ezindleleni eziningi ezahlukene.

Abaculi abenza ama-tattoos ezizwe

Mhlawumbe umculi we-tattoo odume kakhulu wesizwe nguWang-od. Wazalwa ngo-1917, eneminyaka engu-101, ungowokugcina kuma-mambabats amakhulu, umdwebi we-tattoo ka-Kalinga ovela esifundeni saseBuscalan ePhilippines. Ama-tattoos e-Mambabatok ayimigqa, amachashazi nezimpawu ezingabonakali. Okufana nomsebenzi wakhe i-tattoo ka-Hayvarasli, esebenzisa izici ezifanayo zesithombe ezilula kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zombala omnyama nokuma ukuze kwakhe imisebenzi emikhulu, ngokuvamile njengezingubo zomzimba. U-Victor J. Webster ungumdwebi we-tattoo we-blackwork owenza izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zama-tattoos nama-tattoos ezizwe kuye ngephrojekthi, okuhlanganisa i-Maori, i-American American, i-Tibetan nabanye. Umsebenzi wakhe uwumfanekiso ophelele wokuxhumana okukhulu okuwukubonakaliswa kobuciko komuntu. U-Hanumantra Lamara ungomunye umdwebi owahlanganisa ngaphandle komthungo amafomu e-tattoo esimanjemanje ukuze enze isiginesha yakhe yesitayela se-Blackwork.

Njengoba intshisekelo ku-aesthetic ye-tribalist iye yavela kancane kancane kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, kunabaculi abaningi abazidalela owabo ubuciko bomdabu noma bahlale bethembekile kuhlobo lokuqala. U-Igor Kampman wenza ama-tattoos amaningi endabuko aseMelika, okuhlanganisa nama-tattoos e-Haida, adabuka e-Haida Gwaii, ogwini lwaseNyakatho nePacific eCanada. Lawa ma-tattoos ezizwe ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izilwane ezingabonakali njengamagwababa, imikhomo ebulalayo, nezinye izithombe ezivame ukubonakala ezigxotsheni ze-Haida totem. U-Dmitry Babakhin waziwa futhi ngomsebenzi wakhe wenhlonipho nokuzinikela ngesitayela sasePolynesia, kuyilapho uGerhard Wiesbeck esebenza ngama-tattoos ezinhlobonhlobo zezizwe, kusukela emafindo eCeltic kuya kumajamo wejiyomethri angcwele.

Njengoba i-tribal tattooing ihlanganisa amasiko amaningi kanye nomlando, izitayela eziningi ezahlukene ziye zavela futhi abaculi abaningi abahlukene baqhubeka nalesi siko lasendulo. Njengemisebenzi eminingi yobuciko yamasiko, kubalulekile ukwazi umlando nesizinda sesizwe ongathanda ukusilingisa ngendlela ye-tattoo. Ngokuvamile kulula ukungahloniphi izizwe ngokuvumela amasiko azo angcwele nezimpawu ngenxa nje yobuhle. Kodwa-ke, ngenhlanhla, kukhona njalo izingcweti ezifanelekayo nezinolwazi ukukusiza endleleni.

By Justin Morrow