I-Chicano Tattoos: Izimpande, Izinkomba Zezamasiko, Nabaculi

1. Ukuphathwa
2. Izitayela
3. Chicano

Lo mhlahlandlela wama-tattoos e-Chicano ubheka izimpande zomlando, izinkomba zamasiko, namaciko abuye abe yingcweti kulo msebenzi.

I-Payas, ama-roses aluhlaza, i-Virgin Marys namarosari ayinkimbinkimbi yizinto zokuqala ezifika engqondweni uma ucabanga ngama-tattoo e-Chicano. Futhi nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi lezi ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko zesitayela, le ngxenye ethile ye-tattoo inokujula njengamanye amanye. Kusukela emlandweni wase-Los Angeles kuya ezintweni zobuciko zama-Aztec zasendulo ngisho nesithombe sesithonjana samaRoma Katolika, lo mhlahlandlela we-tattooing ye-Chicano awubheki kuphela izimpande zomlando, izinkomba zesitayela namasiko, kodwa futhi namaciko awazi kahle lo msebenzi.

Izimpande Zomlando ze-Chicano Tattoo

Amathoni abushelelezi empunga adwebela indlela ebonisayo yokunyakaza kwe-tattoo kwe-Chicano. Uma kubhekwa izimpande zakhe kumdwebo wepensela nowe-ballpoint, akumangazi ukuthi ngokwesitayela, umsebenzi wobuciko uhlanganisa lawa masu kanye nesizinda samasiko esicebile ngendlela emangalisayo. Nakuba abantu abaningi bewazi umsebenzi kaFrida Kahlo no-Diego Rivera, abanye abaculi abafana noJesus Helguera, uMaria Izquierdo noDavid Alfaro Siqueiros nabo bebehamba phambili ekudaleni ubuciko baseMexico. Umsebenzi wabo, kanye namanye amaciko aseNingizimu Melika, wawugxile kakhulu ekuboniseni izingxabano zezombangazwe, izethulo zemindeni, nemifanekiso yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Nakuba le misebenzi ingase ibonakale ikude kakhulu nama-tattoos e-Chicano anamuhla, izifundo ezingokomfanekiso nezindlela ezingokomfanekiso ezihlanganisa ubuqiniso ne-surrealism ngokwengxenye zichaza ukuthi kungani ubuciko obuningi besimanje be-Chicano bunokubukeka okuhlukile owaziwa ngakho.

Njengokunyakaza okuningi kobuciko, ubuhle kanye namasu angabolekwa, kodwa yini ekhethekile ngalesi sitayela se-tattoo isiko kanye nedlule ngemuva kwayo; Amaciko eChicano anefa elinamandla lefilosofi nepolitiki. Ngomlando ohlanganisa ama-radicals afana noFrancisco Madero kanye no-Emiliano Zapata, akumangalisi ukuthi kusukela kuNguquko yaseMexico kuya kusiko lasePachuco ekuqaleni kwawo-1940 nangale kwalokho, imibhalo yezenhlalo nezombusazwe kanye nezenzo kube nomthelela omkhulu ekudwebeni kwe-Chicano yesimanje. Ngisho nangaphambi kweminyaka yawo-40, lapho intsha yaseMelika yaseMelika kanye namalungu amanye amasiko amancane esebenzisa ama-Zoot Suits ukuveza ukunganeliseki kwawo ngepolitiki yendabuko yaseMelika kanye nezepolitiki, isisho sobuciko sesitayela sasivame ukusetshenziswa njengethuluzi elisebenzayo. Ama-Frescoes nawo ayevame ukusetshenziswa engxoxweni ye-dialectical mayelana nomthetho womphakathi kanye nohulumeni.

Izithenjwa Zamasiko ku-Chicano Tattoos

Isizathu esiningi sesitayela se-tattoo se-Chicano sizizwa singumuntu siqu ngoba kunjalo. Abafuduki abasuka eMexico baya ezingxenyeni zaseTexas naseCalifornia baphoqeleka ukuthi bakhishwe inyumbazane ngenxa yobandlululo oludlangile, ukucwasa ngokwezigaba kanye nokucwasa. Nakuba lokhu kwadala umzabalazo onzima kubantu bokufika, kwakusho nokuthi isiko labo lalivikelekile futhi ligcinwa linjalo izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Njengoba ukufuduka kwanda kusukela ngawo-1920 kuya ko-1940, intsha eningi yaseChicano yalwa nesimo esasikhona. Ngo-1943, lokhu kwagcina kufinyelele umvuthwandaba ngezibhelu zesudi yeZoot ezabangelwa ukushona kwensizwa yaseHispanic eLos Angeles. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kungenamsebenzi ngemuva kwesitayela se-tattoo ye-Chicano, kodwa lokhu kwakungeyona eyokuqala futhi engeyona indaba yokugcina yokucindezelwa kokubonakaliswa kwesiko. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi okuningi kwalokhu kungqubuzana kwaholela ekuboshweni, okwakuvame ukuba umphumela wengcindezi yomphakathi yokucwasa abokufika. Lokhu kuphenduka kwezepolitiki ngokungangabazeki kube nomthelela osheshayo kubuhle beChicano.

Ngemva kokushabalala kwe-pachuco subculture, ukuphila eLos Angeles kwashintsha. Izingane zazihweba ngamasudi azo e-Zoot ukuze zithole amakhaki ahlanzekile nama-bandana futhi zachaza kabusha ukuthi ukuba i-Chicano kusho ukuthini esizukulwaneni sazo. Kwavela izindlela zesitayela ezathonywa ngokuqondile ukuphila ngemva kokuboshwa. Besebenzisa izinto ezimbalwa ababenazo ejele noma i-barrio egcwele indawo yase-Los Angeles, amaciko athola ugqozi ngokuqondile kulokho abhekana nakho empilweni. Izigcawu zempilo yeqembu lezigelekeqe, abesifazane abahle, izimoto ezibukekayo ezibhalwe i-filigree, neziphambano zamaKhatholika ziguquke ngokushesha zisuka emifanekisweni edwetshwe ngesandla njengamaduku namalineni ahlotshiswe ngepeni lebhola abizwa ngokuthi ama-Paños kuya kuma-tattoos e-Chicano. Iziboshwa zasebenzisa ubuhlakani obuphelele ukuze zenze umshini wokuzenzela izithombe futhi, zisebenzisa i-inki emnyama noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela, ziveza lokho ezazikwazi kangcono. Njengabantu abaningi abathanda ubuciko bokudweba imifanekiso emzimbeni, lo msebenzi wezandla wawusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuba nomzimba, ukuziveza, nokubonisa ukusondelana nezinto ezazisondele kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, ubunkimbinkimbi be-Chicano tattoo iconography bubambeke kakhulu emlandweni wezinxushunxushu zobuhlanga kanye nokuzimela okuqhubekayo kangangokuthi kungaba nzima kubantu bangaphandle ukuqonda. Kodwa-ke, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lasoGwini lwaseNtshonalanga kangangokuthi izici eziningi ezihambisanayo zobuhle ziye zathathwa umphakathi ovamile, okwenza kufinyeleleke kalula futhi kwaziwe kabanzi. Amafilimu afana ne-Mi Vida Loca kanye nomagazini womshoshaphansi i-Teen Angels ahlanganisa umoya wesitayela okungenzeka sathathwa esikhathini esidlule esinobudlova kodwa esasiwumkhiqizo omsulwa wothando nothando. Ukuvulwa kwezitolo ezifana ne-Good Time Charlie's Tattooland kanye nabaculi abafana noFreddy Negrete, abasunguli bomphakathi wase-Los Angeles Chicano kusukela kuma-70s kuze kube manje, balethe ubuhle phambili emphakathini we-tattoo. I-Cholas, i-Payasas, i-Lowriders, imibhalo, izinyembezi ezimele abalahlekile: konke lokhu nokunye kube yindlela yokuphila evezwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zobuciko, kuhlanganise nama-tattoos e-Chicano. Le misebenzi yobuciko ithinta kakhulu abantu emphakathini ngoba igqugquzelwa ngqo umlando wabo, umlando wabo. Ubufakazi bamandla alezi zithombe ukuthi ukufinyelela nokuqashelwa kwalolu hlobo kuyaqhubeka kukhula.

I-Chicano tattoo iconography

Njengoba kunjalo ngezithombe eziningi ze-tattoo, imibono eminingi ye-tattoo ye-Chicano ibalulekile. Eminingi yale miklamo ewumongo ihlanganiswe nezici zesiko lamaChicano. AmaTattoos anamagama aphansi, enye insika yasekupheleni kwawo-1940s kanye nama-50s eyayiphikisana nobuhle besiNgisi, izinkunzi zemigodi, amadayisi namadekhi wamakhadi, akhuluma nempilo yase-Los Angeles. Ama-tattoo abonisa ama-cholo anezingane zawo "drive or die" angomunye umklamo ovame ukuhlanganisa ukwazisa kweziboshwa ngesiko lezimoto nokulangazelela isithandwa sazo ngaphandle. Mhlawumbe i-Payasas, okusho ukuthi "clown" ngeSpanishi, iphakathi kwezithombe ezidume kakhulu kulesi sitayela. Ngokugqugquzelwa yizifihla-buso ezimangalisayo nezihlekisayo ezivame ukufana nazo, lezi zithombe zikhomba ukulingana kobunzima nenjabulo ekuphileni. Isisho esithi "Smile now, cry later" sivame ukuhambisana nale misebenzi. Izinhliziyo Ezingcwele, OMariya OyiNcasakazi, Izingebhezi Zoshukela, Izandla Ezithandazayo nokunye okunjalo kuyizithombe ezibolekwe ezinqolobaneni zezimpawu nabangcwele bamaRoma Katolika; le nkolo yaziwa kabanzi eNyakatho Melika, futhi cishe i-85% yabantu baseMexico iyenza iyodwa.

Abaculi be-tattoo e-Chicano Tattooing

Abaculi abaningi be-tattoo abasebenza ngesitayela se-tattoo se-Chicano bayingxenye yomphakathi we-Chicano ngokwabo. Kunesici esibalulekile sokulondoloza nokuhlonipha amagugu okwenza ukwaba kube nzima; kungaba nzima ukuphindaphinda izithombe uma kungekho ukuqonda kwangempela nokuxhumana komuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, imiklamo igcwele kakhulu emlandweni we-tattooing kangangokuthi abaculi abaningi baye bafunda ubuhle futhi basiza ukulondoloza nokusabalalisa le ngxenye ebalulekile yesiko le-tattoo. U-Chuco Moreno, uFreddy Negrete, u-Chui Quintanar kanye no-Tamara Santibanez bahamba phambili ekudwebeni kwe-Chicano yesimanje. Njengakunoma iyiphi indlela yobuciko, iciko ngalinye lingasebenza ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesithonjana sesitayela, linikeze ukuthinta komuntu ngamunye. Kusukela kumaqiniso amnyama nokumpunga kuya emifanekisweni ye-graphite ngisho nesitayela sendabuko saseMelika se-Chicano, isitayela se-tattoo se-Chicano sihlanganisa izici eziningi zesiko le-tattoo ohlwini oluhle lwamasu nokubonwayo. Abanye abaculi abanesitayela somuntu siqu esihlukile bahlanganisa uFreddy Negret, Mister Cartoon, El Whyner, Panchos Placas, Javier DeLuna, Jason Ochoa kanye noJose Araujo Martinez. Nakuba abaningi balaba baculi be-tattoo benganamatheli ngokuqinile kwesinye isitayela noma kwesinye, kusobala ukuthi ngamunye uyawazisa amasiko nesipiliyoni sakhe. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile emsebenzini wabo ohlonishwa kakhulu.

Kunzima ukucabanga ngama-tattoo e-Chicano ngaphandle kwawo wonke umlando, ipolitiki nefilosofi. Umsebenzi omningi womlando kanye nezenhlalo-politiki owenziwe esikhathini esidlule usasebenza ngendlela eshaqisayo nanamuhla. Kodwa lokho kuyingxenye yalokho okwenza isitayela sihehe kangaka. Isiko lavezwa kahle ngalolu hlobo lobuciko futhi liyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela kubantu emhlabeni wonke.

By Justin Morrow