Isafire yetshe eliyigugu - iqoqo lolwazi mayelana namasafire

Sapphire liyitshe eliyigugu elingavamile okujula kwalo kombala nobukhosi kuye kwathakazelisa isintu futhi kwashukumisa umcabango emakhulwini eminyaka. Ubucwebe obunesafire buthandwa ngendlela engathandeki, kanti amasafire e-cashmere yiwona abiza kakhulu. Ngezansi kukhona amaqiniso athakazelisayo okufanele uwazi ngalelitshe eliyigugu elingavamile.

Igama livela egameni lesiGreki sasendulo. I-Sapphire iyi-corundum, ngakho ifinyelela ubulukhuni 9 Mosh. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iyiminerali yesibili enzima kakhulu emhlabeni ngemva nje kwedayimane. Igama lamaminerali livela ezilimini zamaSemite futhi lisho "itshe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka". Nakuba kukhona amanye ama-shades esafire emvelweni, edume kakhulu yi-shades eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-ayoni ye-iron ne-titanium inesibopho sombala. Okufiseleka kakhulu kubucwebe ama-shades of cornflower blue, owaziwa nangokuthi yi-cashmere blue. Amasafire amhlophe futhi asobala ayatholakala nasePoland. ikakhulukazi eLower Silesia. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi akuwona kuphela amaminerali ambiwa ngokwemvelo, kodwa futhi atholakala ngokwenziwa asetshenziswa njengamanje.

Amasafire ayabonakala futhi avame ukuhlukaniswa abe izindiza ezimbili. Sapphire ingenye yamatshe ayigugu athandwa kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zamasafire zibonisa i-pleochroism (ukushintsha kombala kuye ngokukhanya okuwela kumaminerali) noma vutha (imisebe yokukhanya/amaza okukhanya) okubangelwa enye imbangela ngaphandle kokushisa). Amasafire nawo abonakala ngokuba khona i-asterism (isafire yenkanyezi), into yokubona ehlanganisa ukubonakala kwamabhande amancane okukhanya akha umumo wenkanyezi. Lawa matshe agaywa abe ama-cabochon.

Ukuvela kwamasafire

Amasafire avela ngokwemvelo emadwaleni avuthayo, ngokuvamile ama-pegmatites nama-basalts. Ngisho namakristalu anesisindo esingama-20 kg atholakala eSri Lanka, kodwa ayengenalo inani lobucwebe. Amasafire abuye ambiwe eMadagascar, eCambodia, India, Australia, Thailand, Tanzania, USA, Russia, Namibia, Colombia, South Africa naseBurma. Ikristalu yesafire enesisindo esingu-63000 carats noma i-12.6 kg yake yatholakala eBurma. Kukhona amasafire ePoland, kuphela e-Lower Silesia. Ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zivela eKashmir noma eBurma. Kakade ngomthunzi wombala, ungakwazi ukubona izwe imvelaphi amaminerali. Ezimnyama zivela e-Australia, ngokuvamile ziluhlaza, kuyilapho ezilula zivela eSri Lanka, isibonelo.

Isafire nombala wayo

Umbala ofisa kakhulu futhi owaziwa kakhulu wesafire uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.. Kusukela esibhakabhakeni kuya olwandle. Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusizungezile ngokoqobo. sekuyisikhathi eside yaziswa ngenxa yombala wayo oshubile futhi othambile. Akumangalisi ukuthi isafire enhle eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikhuthaze umcabango womuntu kusukela ekuqaleni. Umbala ungahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo, ukugcwaliswa kwesici ngensimbi noma i-titanium. Lesi esinye sezici lapho inani lesafire linqunywa khona, futhi libaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ifike ngemibala ehlukene, ngaphandle kobomvu. Uma sihlangana ne-corundum ebomvu, sibhekene nerubi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma sithi isafire, sisho isafire eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho sifuna ukukhombisa ukuthi sikhuluma ngesafire enombala ohlukile, okuthiwa yi-fancy, kufanele sisho ukuthi yimuphi umbala esikushoyo. Umbala ophuzi ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi igolide, noma pink noma orange. Kukhona namasafire angenambala abizwa ngokuthi ama-leucoschafirs. Zonke ngaphandle kweziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingamasafire amahle. Ashibhile kunamasafire amahle aluhlaza, nokho kukhona okuthiwa yiPadparadscha, okusho ukuthi umbala welotus, iyona kuphela isafire enegama layo ngaphandle kwerubi. Ipinki kanye newolintshi ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ingabiza ngendlela emangalisayo.

Sekudumile muva nje ukushisisa amasafire ukukhiqiza umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ocebe nakakhulukodwa-ke, amasafire aluhlaza we-cornflower ayigugu kakhulu, awalula futhi awamnyama. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amasafire awanaso isikali sombala esingaguquki, njengamadayimane, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwamatshe ngamanye kuncike kakhulu futhi kukumthengi ukuthi anqume ukuthi iyiphi isafire enhle kakhulu. Amanye amasafire angase abe nokuklanywa kombala okubangelwa ukwakheka kwezingqimba ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwamatshe. Amasafire anjalo anombala okhanyayo futhi omnyama ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zekristalu. Amanye amasafire angaba nemibala eminingi, njengonsomi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo liwukuthi esikhathini esidlule, amasafire amahle ayebizwa, njengamanye amaminerali ombala ofanayo, nesiqalo esithi "oriental", isibonelo, ngesafire eluhlaza kwakubizwa ngokuthi i-emerald yasempumalanga. Nokho, lesi sisho samagama asizange sibe nezimpande, sibangele amaphutha amaningi futhi ngenxa yalokho sashiywa.

Ubucwebe obunamasafire

Isafire eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni ubucwebe. Muva nje, amasafire aphuzi, apinki namawolintshi athandwa kakhulu. Kancane kancane, amasafire aluhlaza naluhlaza asetshenziswa ebucwebeni. Isetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobucwebe. Izindandatho zomshado, amacici, imigexo, namasongo. Isetshenziswa njengesisekelo futhi njengetshe elengeziwe kanye namanye amatshe anjengamadayimane noma ama-emerald emasongweni okubandakanya. Isafire eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ejulile ngokucaca okuhle kakhulu ingafinyelela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zamaRandi i-carat ngayinye, futhi amatshe avame kakhulu futhi asetshenzisiwe afika kuma-carats amabili, nakuba, kunjalo, kukhona asindayo. Ngenxa yokuminyana kwayo, isafire engu-1-carat izoba yincane kancane kunedayimane elingu-1-carat. Isafire ecwebezelayo eyi-carat eyi-6 bekufanele ibe ngu-XNUMXmm ububanzi. Ngamasafire, kuvame ukusika okukhazimulayo okuyindilinga okufanele. Ukugaya ngezinyathelo nakho kuvamile. Amasafire enkanyezi asikwa i-cabochon, kuyilapho amasafire amnyama eyisikwe esicaba. Amasafire abukeka emuhle ngokukhethekile kubucwebe begolide obumhlophe. Indandatho yegolide emhlophe enesafire njengetshe eliphakathi nendawo elizungezwe amadayimane ingenye yezingcezu ezinhle kakhulu zobucwebe. Nakuba iqiniso liwukuthi libukeka lihle kunoma yimuphi umbala wegolide.

I-Symbolism kanye nezakhiwo zomlingo zamasafire

Kakade kudala amasafire kuthiwa anamandla omlingo. Ngokusho kwamaPheresiya, amatshe kwakufanele anikeze ukungafi nobusha baphakade. AbaseGibhithe namaRoma babewabheka njengamatshe angcwele obulungisa neqiniso. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi amasafire axosha imimoya emibi neziphonso. Izakhiwo zokuphulukisa nazo zibangelwa isafire. Kuthiwa ilwa nezifo zesinye, inhliziyo, izinso, nesikhumba, futhi ithuthukisa imiphumela yemithi yokwenziwa neyemvelo.

Umthelela wokupholisa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uwenze unomphela. uphawu lokwethembeka nokwethembana. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abesifazane emhlabeni wonke bavame ukukhetha leli tshe elihle eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezindandatho zabo zomshado. Leli gem elinikezelwe kulabo abazalwa ngoSepthemba, abazalwa ngaphansi kwesibonakaliso se-Virgo futhi bagubha iminyaka yabo yomshado engu-5, 7, 10 kanye ne-45. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesafire uyisipho esiphelele, esifanekisela ukholo nokuzibophezela okungenakunyakaziswa ebuhlotsheni babantu ababili. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kwakukholelwa ukuthi ukugqoka amasafire kucindezela imicabango engalungile futhi kuphulukisa izifo zemvelo. U-Ivan the Terrible, i-Russian Tsar, uthe unikeza amandla, uqinisa inhliziyo futhi unikeza isibindi. AmaPheresiya ayekholelwa ukuthi kwakuyitshe lokungafi.

Sapphire ebuKristwini

Kwake kwacatshangwa ukuthi isafire ithuthukisa ukugxilaikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somthandazo, okwandisa ukusebenza kwawo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lalibizwa nangokuthi itshe le-monk. ISapphire nayo yahlangabezana nesithakazelo sezikhulu zesonto. UPapa Gregory XV wamemezela ukuthi laliyoba itshe lokhadinali, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, uPapa Innocent II wayeyale ababhishobhi ukuba bafake izindandatho zesafire esandleni sabo sokudla esibusisiwe. Kwakufanele bavikele abefundisi ekuwohlokeni nasemathonyeni amabi angaphandle. I-mineral ikhona naseBhayibhelini. Ku-Apocalypse yaseSt. UJohane ungomunye wamatshe ayishumi nambili ahlobise iJerusalema lasezulwini.

amasafire adumile

Izikhathi zishintshile, kodwa isafire iseyiminerali enhle futhi efiselekayo. Manje akekho okholelwa ukuthi itshe lizophulukisa ubuthi noma lixoshe i-talisman embi, kodwa abesifazane abaningi bakhetha indandatho yabo yomshado i-shaifr. Enye yezindandatho zomshado ezidume kakhulu ngekaKate Middleton, owayephethwe nguPrincess Diana. Igolide elimhlophe, isafire emaphakathi yaseCeylon ezungezwe amadayimane. I-Blue Belle yase-Asia iyisafire engama-carat angu-400 egcinwe endaweni yase-UK, eshunyekwe emgexoni ngo-2014 futhi yathengiswa endalini ngamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-22. Ichazwa njengeyesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Futhi isafire enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni iyigugu elambiwa eSri Lanka ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Isafire ye-asterism enkulu kunazo zonke okwamanje ihlala eSmithsonian, lapho yanikelwa khona nguJPMorgana. Isafire enkulu kunazo zonke etholakele kuze kube manje kwakuyitshe elatholwa ngo-1996 eMadagascar, linesisindo awu 17,5kg!

Enziwa kanjani amasafire okwenziwa?

Ngokuvamile, ubucwebe besafire bunamatshe okwenziwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi itshe ladalwa ngumuntu, hhayi ngokwemvelo. Mahle njengamasafire emvelo, kodwa awanayo leyo “sici somhlaba omama.” Kungenzeka yini ukuhlukanisa amasafire okwenziwa kwemvelo ngeso lenyama? Ake siqale kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuqala kwe-corundum kwenzeka ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, lapho kutholakala amabhola amancane e-ruby. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-50, kwakukhona indlela lapho amaminerali aphephethwa khona elangabini le-hydrogen-oxygen, okwavela kulo amakristalu kamuva. Kodwa-ke, ngale ndlela, amakristalu amancane kuphela akhiwa, ngoba amakhulu - ukungcola okuningi namabala. Ngeminyaka yama-XNUMXs, indlela ye-hydrothermal yaqala ukusetshenziswa, ehlanganisa ukuncibilikisa ama-aluminium oxides nama-hydroxides ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kwase kuthi imbewu yalengiswa ezintanjeni zesiliva futhi, ngenxa yesixazululo, yahluma. Indlela elandelayo yindlela ye-Verneuil, ehlanganisa nokuncibilika kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa uketshezi oluvelayo luwela phezu kwesisekelo, okuvame ukuba yi-crystal yemvelo, okuyisisekelo sokukhula. Le ndlela isasetshenziswa nanamuhla futhi ihlale ithuthukiswa, nokho-ke, izinkampani eziningi zinezindlela zazo zokuthola amaminerali okwenziwa futhi zigcina lezi zindlela ziyimfihlo. Amasafire okwenziwa ambiwa hhayi kuphela ukulungiselelwa ubucwebe. Zibuye zenzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwezikrini noma ama-circuits ahlanganisiwe.

Ungayibona kanjani isafire yokwenziwa?

Isafire etholwe ngokuzenzela kanye nesafire yemvelo icishe ifane ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu, cishe akunakwenzeka, ukuyibona ngeso lenyama. Ngetshe elinjalo, kungcono ukuxhumana ne-jeweler ekhethekile. Isibaluli esiyinhloko yinani. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaminerali emvelo ngeke ashibhile. Uphawu olwengeziwe ukungabikho noma ukukhubazeka okuncane ematsheni okwenziwa.

Amasafire acwecwe namatshe okwenziwa

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukwazi ukuthi kunegama elithi amatshe okufanele aphathwe noma aphathwe. Ngokuvamile itshe eliyigugu lemvelo alibonakali ngombala ofanelekayo, bese kuthi amasafire noma amarubi axoshwe ukuze athuthukise unomphela umbala wawo. Isibonelo, i-topazi icutshungulwa ngendlela efanayo, futhi ama-emerald asevele enamafutha. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lezi zindlela azilimazi itshe, ungenzi itshe elingeyona eyemvelo. Yiqiniso, kunezindlela ezibangela ukuba itshe eliyigugu lilahlekelwe inani elikhulu futhi lingasondeli eduze nemvelo. Izindlela ezinjalo zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ukugcwalisa ama-rubi ngengilazi noma ukucubungula amadayimane ukuze kwandiswe isigaba sokuhlanzeka, njengelukuluku, kukhona namatshe okwenziwa. Ahlukile kumatshe ayigugu okwenziwa. Njengoba nje amatshe ayigugu okwenziwa enezinto ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali acishe afane nozakwabo bemvelo, amatshe ayigugu okwenziwa awekho ama-analogue emvelo. Izibonelo zamatshe anjalo, isibonelo, i-zircon ethandwa kakhulu noma i-moissanite ethandwa kakhulu (i-diamond ukulingisa).

Bheka wethu iqoqo lolwazi mayelana nawo wonke amagugu esetshenziswa ubucwebe

• Idayimane / Idayimane
• Ruby
• amethyst
• I-Aquamarine
• Agate
• ametrine
• Sapphire
• Emerald
• I-Topaz
• Tsimofan
• Jadeite
• morganite
• hawu!
• I-Peridot
• I-Alexandrite
• I-Heliodor