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I-Platinum - iqoqo lolwazi mayelana ne-platinum

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iplatinum kuyinsimbi, insimbi eyigugu enqoba izinhliziyo zabesifazane ngendlela yobucwebe be-platinum - kodwa hhayi kuphela. Ikhona kwezokwelapha, ubunjiniyela kanye ne-electronics. Iyini i-platinum? Ihluke kanjani iplatinamu kugolide noma i-palladium? Ithini umbala weplatinamu? Sizophendula le mibuzo neminye kulokhu okuthunyelwe.

I-Platinum - insimbi eyigugu enkonzweni yobucwebe

Ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika kanye nokumelana okukhethekile namakhemikhali ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. ukukhiqizwa kwe-platinum crucibles nezitsha zamalabhorethri amakhemikhali, futhi ukuyisebenzisela imishini yemboni yamakhemikhali, isibonelo, ekwenzeni amathangi amakhulu e-sedimentation ekukhiqizeni i-sulfuric acid. Ekuqaleni, iplatinamu ehlanzekile yayisetshenziselwa le njongo, kodwa yabonakala ithambile kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kokungcola kwezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene kuphela kwandise ubulukhuni namandla ayo. I-Platinum isetshenziselwa ukulwa nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okuthandwa kakhulu kwale nsimbi eyigugu kusebucwebeni, kunjalo.

Umlando kanye ne-orthogenesis yeplatinamu

I-Platinum iyinsimbi eyivelakancane kakhulu. Kuvela oqweqweni lomhlaba ngenani lezingxenye ezi-4 ngebhiliyoni ngayinye ngendlela yomdabu, kungxubevange ene-iridium (i-platinum miride), njenge-ore, nanjengengxube ye-nickel ne-copper ores. IPlatinum isingenile USA, Canada, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Ethiopia. Ngemuva kokutholakala kwe-platinum Колумбия, ukutholakala kweplatinamu kwakubaluleke kakhulu e-Urals (1819). Ngesikhashana nje, iplatinamu yaseRussia yagqama ekukhiqizeni umhlaba, yahlala lapho phakathi nekhulu le-10, kwaze kwaba yilapho kutholakala amadiphozithi eNingizimu Afrika (ama-igneous deposits amakhulu e-Bushveld Highlands, lapho okuqukethwe kweplatinamu kuphezulu kakhulu futhi kufinyelela ku-30). -XNUMX g ngethani) naseCanada (e-Sudbury, e-Ontario, lapho i-platinum imbiwa khona njengomkhiqizo we-nickel-bearing pyrotite deposits). Iplatinamu imvamisa iza ngendlela yokusanhlamvu., ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezingcezu ezinkulu, isisindo esingadluli ku-10 kg. Ngokuvamile iqukethe insimbi (kusuka kokumbalwa kuya ku-20%), kanye nezinye izinsimbi zeqembu leplatinamu. iplatinum - insimbi emhlophe esiliva ene-luster eqinile, ithambile futhi ithambile. Ayisabeli nge-oxygen, amanzi, i-hydrochloric ne-nitric acid. Incibilika ku-aqua regia ukuze yakhe i-chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6 nH2O), ihlangana nama-halogen, isulfure, i-cyanides nezisekelo eziqinile. Ivutha kakhulu ngendlela yayo ehlakazeke kakhulu.

I-Platinum njengento enhle kakhulu yokwenza ubucwebe

Ngaphambi kokuvakashela isitolo sobucwebe, kufanelekile ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nobucwebe be-platinum. Siyabonga ngokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana i-platinum njengensimbi, uzoqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ekukhetheni kwakho, futhi ukukhetha kuyathakazelisa, ngoba i-platinum iyindlela enhle ngempela yegolide, isiliva noma i-palladium. Kunoma isiphi isitolo esihle sobucwebe, uzothola ingxenye yobucwebe beplatinum - izindandatho zeplatinamu, ama-anklets eplatinamu, amacici nokunye. Lapho uthenga iplatinamu, kufanele uqale uhlole amanani amanje eplatinamu kanye nokuhlanzeka kobucwebe bakho obukhethiwe beplatinamu. khumbula, lokho ukuhlanzeka kweplatinamu kubucwebe kufinyelela ku-95%. 

Ngokungeziwe ezinhlobonhlobo zemiklamo yobucwebe be-platinum ekhethekile, ubucwebe abaningi bangakusiza futhi ukuthi udale ubucwebe bangokwezifiso, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukwazi nokuchaza okufunayo. Izindandatho zomshado zeplatinamu, izindandatho zomshado zeplatinamu - khumbula ukuthi unqunyelwe umcabango wakho kuphela, ngoba ubucwebe be-platinum bungaklanywa ngokukhululekile. Khetha idizayini ye-platinum yamaphupho akho kusizindalwazi sethu esibanzi sobucwebe noma ufune ugqozi futhi, ngosizo lwabaxhumanisi bethu kumasaluni anganyakazi, uzenzele iringi enhle kakhulu yokuqomisana yeplatinamu noma iringi yekhethelo wena ngokwakho. indandatho yedayimane yeplatinamu.

IPlatinum noma igolide? Intengo yeplatinamu uma iqhathaniswa negolide

Iliphi igolide elibiza kakhulu noma iplatinum? Intengo yeplatinamu ngokuvamile iqhathaniswa nenani legolide, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi intengo yegolide iphansi kunalokhu intengo yeplatinamu. Intengo yeplatinamu ingaphezu kwenkulungwane yamadola iwunsi ngayinye (noma amagremu angama-28,34). Amanani e-platinum ahlala ephezulu, njengoba iyinsimbi engavamile futhi ehloniphekile engeyona insimbi.Umbala wePlatinum Ingabe umhlophe ngempela? Igolide elimhlophe, isibonelo, aliyona insimbi emhlophe ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kuyigolide eliphuzi elihlanganiswe nezinye izinsimbi ukuze libe nombala omhlophe. Umbala omhlophe uvame ukuthuthukiswa ngaphezu kwalokho ngokuhlobisa nge-rhodium. Kodwa-ke, ukugqoka okufakiwe kungase kuguge, kube nombala ophuzi-mpunga.

Umbala wePlatinum

iplatinum lokhu ngokulandelana insimbi eyigugu emsulwa futhi emhlophe ngokwemvelo, okuyinto ungagugi. Liyigugu ngaphezu kwegolide, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liphuzi noma limhlophe. Platinum ubucwebe ngokuvamile I-95% yeplatinamu ehlanzekile ngokungafani nobucwebe begolide obuyi-18k obumhlophe obakhiwe ngabo ngegolide elimsulwa elingama-75%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-platinum ihlukile kunegolide elimhlophe ngesisindo. Iplatinamu iyinsimbi ewugqinsi futhi inesisindo esingama-40% ngaphezu kwamakharati ayi-18 egolide elimhlophe.. Ngisho nendandatho yomshado ye-platinum evamile, amacici e-platinum noma indandatho yeplatinamu zisinda ngokuphawulekayo kunobucwebe begolide obumhlophe obufanayo. Ubucwebe beplatinamu bangempela bumsulwa ngama-95%.

I-Platinum - indlela yokubona? Fri 950 ngikutshele iqiniso.

Noma ngabe izindandatho zomshado zeplatinamu, indandatho yeplatinamu noma iketango labesilisa leplatinamu, zonke izingcezu zeplatinamu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zincane kangakanani, zimakwe ngophawu "Pt 950"., Lokhu uphawu lobuqiniso futhi imele 95% ubumsulwa (950 izingxenye 1000 ngayinye). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucezu ngalunye lobucwebe beplatinamu lunenombolo kamazisi eyingqayizivele. Isitifiketi sekhwalithi esifika nobucwebe obuthengwe ubucwebe, njengezindandatho zeplatinamu, sinenombolo kamazisi, kanye nesisindo nokucaca. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthenge iplatinamu yoqobo:

  • Gxila ngesitifiketi Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi ngakho konke ukuthengwa kobucwebe beplatinamu.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi unochungechunge lweplatinamu, indandatho yomshado yeplatinamu, noma amabhendi omshado eplatinamu. babe negama elithi "Pt 950".
  • Khetha kuphela izitolo zobucwebe ezithenjwayo nezinconyiwe.

Ngingakwazi yini ukugqoka iplatinamu uma nginesikhumba esibucayi?

Yebo, iplatinum ilungele isikhumba esizwelayo namasongo eplatinamu, isongo seplatinamu, izindandatho zeplatinamu, namacici eplatinamu. ukukhetha okuphelele kwabaphethwe yi-allergies. Ubucwebe beplatinamu nobumsulwa be-95% yi-hypoallergenic. ngakho-ke ilungele isikhumba esibucayi. 

Ngokuvamile, i-platinum eyigugu iphakeme ngempela, kusukela e-Faberge kuya eCartier, ngo-Tiffany kanye neqembu le-Lisevski - njalo abaklami bobucwebe abahamba phambili emhlabeni. bathanda ukusebenza ngeplatinum futhi udale, isibonelo, izindandatho zomshado ze-platinum eziyingqayizivele. I-Platinum ithambile kakhulu, okuvumela abaklami ukuba benze amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi angeke adalwe nanoma iyiphi enye insimbi eyigugu. Noma ngabe iketango labesilisa leplatinamu, indandatho yeplatinamu noma amabhendi omshado eplatinamu, ungaqiniseka ukuthi okuthengayo kubasiki bobucwebe abadumile njengeLisiewski Group kuhlala kuwumsebenzi wobuciko obuphakeme kakhulu. Uma indandatho yeplatinamu noma isongo seplatinamu inganele kumuntu, nazo zidalwe izinhlamvu zemali zeplatinamu noma imigoqo yeplatinamu iwutshalomali olungcono kakhulu lwamaklayenti aqotho.