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URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvu

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URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvu

Ruby ingelinye lamatshe ayigugu amadala kakhulu, ayivelakancane futhi ahlonishwa kakhulu, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inkosi yamagugu". Igama elithi Ruby livela egameni elithi "rubeus", elisho "bomvu" ngesiLatini. E-Sanskrit yasendulo, i-ruby ​​yahunyushwa ngokuthi "ratnaraj", okusho ukuthi "inkosi yamatshe ayigugu." Uma sifuna itshe elihle elibomvu, i-ruby ​​yisinqumo esihle. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ukuqina, ukucwazimula nokungatholakali kwayo, iyitshe eliyigugu elifiswa kakhulu hhayi kwabesifazane kuphela kodwa nakwabesilisa. 

URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvuizakhiwo ze-ruby

I-Ruby iyinhlobonhlobo ebomvu ye-corundum. Njengoba irubi nesafire kufana kuzo zonke izakhiwo ngaphandle kombala, irubi kungathiwa isafire ebomvu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuhle bayo obukhethekile nokubaluleka komlando, irubi ibilokhu ihlukaniswa njengetshe eliyigugu ngokwalo. Isishiyagalolunye esikalini se-Mohs sisho ukuthi i-ruby ​​(corundum) ingeyesibili ngemva kwedayimane ngobulukhuni. I-Ruby, njengesafire, ibonakala nge-pleochroism (isenzakalo sokushintsha kombala kuye ngokuthi i-angle yesigameko sokukhanya) kanye ne-luminescence. Ukufakwa okutholakala kumarubi kubonisa umsuka wetshe. Isibonelo, amarubi aseBurma anenaliti emfushane ye-rutile. I-Ruby crystallization iqhubeka kuthebhulethi, ifomu le-bipyramidal noma njengenduku elinesisekelo esinezinhlangothi ezine.  

Kungani i-ruby ​​ibomvu?URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvu

 Njengoba wazi, i-corundum iyimaminerali engenambala. Lesi isithasiselo esisesimweni se-elementi ye-chromium. kwenza amarubi aba bomvu. Lapho lesi sici siqhubeka, umbala uzoba namandla kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ruby ​​fluorescence nayo ingenxa ye-chromium, eyenza umbala uqine. Isici esivamile esitholakala kumarubi insimbi. Ngeshwa, lapho kuba, kuyancipha ukukhanya kwetshe nombala omnyama. Isizathu salokhu ukuba khona kwenani lamasafire namarubi. Kuyinsimbi "ethuthukisa" umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamasafire, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa ukushuba kombala obomvu we-ruby.  

Umbala weRuby kanye nentengo

URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvu

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu se-ruby ​​esithinta intengo yayo, yiqiniso, umbala. Umbala werubi uyahluka kusukela kobomvu ngokugqamile kuya kunsundu ngokubomvu. Umbala obaluleke kakhulu futhi ofiselekayo ubomvu begazi elijulile elinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiBurma noma "" (igazi lejuba).  Amarubi kumele abe nokucaca okuhle ukuze afanelekele itshe eliyigugu. Yiqiniso, ukukhanya kwetshe nakho kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa amakristalu e-ruby matte ngaphambi kokupholisha. Ukusikwa okufanele kuphela, okunezinhlangothi ezingcono kakhulu, kunikeza amarubi ukucwazimula okulungile, futhi izakhi ezitholakala emvelweni kuphela ezinikeza umbala. Izintengo zamarubi amahle emvelo zifinyelele ku-$100 i-carat ngayinye. Ngokuqondene nentengo, i-ruby ​​ingenye yamatshe ambalwa inani lawo linganyuswa ngokufakwa okufanele. I-rutile roller skates encane ingabonisa ukukhanya ngendlela yokuthi umphumela wenkanyezi uzobonakala etsheni.  

Ukuvela kwamarubi - kuphi lapho ambiwa khona kakhulu?URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvu

 IRuby itholakala kakhulu e-Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Kenya, Madagascar naseSri Lanka, kanye nasePakistan, Tanzania naseThailand. Ngeshwa, amarubi angaphezu kuka-5 carats ayivelakancane kakhulu, futhi amarubi angaphezu kuka-10 carats awavamile kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ruby ​​nesafire yi-corundum, ukuvela kwabo kuyafana. Zivame ukutholakala emadwaleni e-metamorphic, ezingqimbeni zemabula. Ziphinde zivele emadwaleni e-basalt, kodwa lawo atholakala kulawa matshe anokungcola kwensimbi okungaphezulu kunalawo avela ematsheni e-marble, okwenza angabi yigugu kakhulu ngenxa yombala "omubi". Ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni wonke ungathola amarubi ane-saturations ehlukene ebomvu, noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukusho ngombala ukuthi iyiphi i-ruby ​​evela kusiphi isifunda somhlaba, ngoba endaweni eyodwa kungaba nengxenye enkulu ye-ruby amakristalu. Kodwa-ke, ngamarubi aseBurma abhekwa njengabaluleke kakhulu, futhi yilapho amarubi anombala "wegazi lejuba" avame ukuvela khona. 

Ubucwebe be-ruby nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwaleli tshe

URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvu

I-ruby ibilokhu iwuphawu lothando nesifiso.Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi ubucwebe be-ruby buthandwa kakhulu. Njengoba wazi, i-ruby ​​iyitshe eliyigugu, ngakho-ke kufanele futhi ihlanganiswe nensimbi eyigugu. Igolide eliphuzi, igolide elimhlophe, i-rose gold noma iplatinum - zonke lezi zinsimbi zihlangana kahle ne-corundum ebomvu. Amacici erubi angajwayelekile noma amacici erubi ayisipho sanoma yisiphi isenzakalo, futhi amarubi amakhulu anenani elincane lokufakwa angabiza izigidi zamaRandi. Le corundum enhle ebomvu isikwa ngendlela efanayo nedayimane, kodwa ngokuvamile ubukhulu betshe buba "phansi" kwetshe, ngakho-ke i-ruby ​​yesisindo esifanayo izovela incane kunedayimane. Ivame ukubonakala ngokusikwa okuyindilinga okukhazimulayo. I-Ruby iyitshe eliphelele lokugqoka nsuku zonke.Nokho, eminye imininingwane kufanele igcinwe engqondweni: gwema ukuthintana namakhemikhali futhi ungavezi amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Izindandatho ze-ruby noma obunye ubucwebe be-ruby kufanele buhlanzwe ngesixubho esithambile namanzi anensipho athambile. Ungasebenzisa futhi isicoci se-ultrasonic ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kobucwebe, amarubi asetshenziswa ekwenzeni amawashi, ukudala ama-watch bearings. Zibuye zisetshenziselwe ukudala izakhi zamathuluzi e-refractory, futhi ngenxa ye-coefficient ephansi yokwanda okushisayo kanye nobunzima obuphezulu, zibuye zisetshenziswe kuma-mandrels wemishini yokulinganisa yokuxhumanisa.  

Izinganekwane kanye nezindawo zokuphulukisa zerubyURuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvu

Ngenxa yombala obomvu omnyama irubi kudala ihlotshaniswa nobungqabavu nobungqabavu. Kukholakala ukuthi kuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqwashisa, isibindi, ingcebo, injabulo othandweni kanye nokuvikelwa empini. Iphinde ifanekisela ukuchuma. I-Ruby ibaluleke kakhulu emazweni ase-Asia. Yayithengiswa ngaseNorthern Silk Road eShayina kusukela ngo-200 BC. Izicukuthwane zaseShayina zahlobisa izikhali zazo ngamarubi, njengoba zazikholelwa ukuthi leli tshe eliyigugu laliyoba isivikelo empini. Baphinde bangcwaba amarubi ngaphansi kwezisekelo zezakhiwo ukuze bazijabulise bona nemindeni yabo. AmaHindu asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi ayeyozalwa kabusha engababusi uma enikela ngamarubi kunkulunkulu uKrishna. Ezinkolelweni zamaHindu, umlilo ovutha amarubi washa kakhulu kangangokuthi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi wawungabilisa amanzi. Izinganekwane zamaGreki zazithi ukushisa kwerubi kungancibilikisa ingcina. Amaqhawe aseBurma afaka amarubi emizimbeni yawo ukuze abanike isivikelo namandla. Amasiko amaningi nawo athande irubi njengophawu lothando nothando, itshe eliyigugu elivusa izinzwa, lithuthukise amandla amahle, futhi liqinisekise impilo, ukuhlakanipha, ingcebo, nempumelelo othandweni. I-Ruby isipho esihle kunazo zonke kulabo abazalwa ngoJulayi, kanye nalabo abazalwa ngaphansi kwesibonakaliso se-Aries, kanye nokugubha iminyaka engu-15 no-40 yomshado. Sekuyisikhathi eside amarubi ebhekwa njengomhlobiso ophelele womshado, isipho esifanekisela ukuchuma. Ngokusho kwabaningi abanesithakazelo kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-ruby ​​inganciphisa ubuhlungu emgogodleni, iqinise inhliziyo, ishukumise ukujikeleza kwegazi noma ikhulule ukukhathala kwamehlo.

Amarubi adumile namakhulu

URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvuIzigidi ezingu-32.4 zamaRandi - inani elithengiswe ngayo indandatho ye-ruby. Itshe linesisindo esingama-carat angu-25.59, okuyi-$1,266,901 nge-carat ngayinye. Indali yenzeka ngoMeyi 12 2015 futhi yasinika irekhodi lentengo elisha letshe elinemibala.

Irubi yenkanyezi, i-cabochon cut (iphansi eliyisicaba, igquma eliyiconvex) - Inkanyezi yeRosser Reeves enesisindo esingu-138,72 carats, etholakala eSri Lanka. Okwamanje itholakala eMnyuziyamu Wezomlando Wezemvelo (Smithsonian Institution) eWashington.

URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvu

U-Elizabeth Taylor wake wanikezwa indandatho ye-ruby ​​nedayimane. (isithombe kwesokudla) Isipho somkhosi esivela ku-Richard Burton kanye no-Harry Winston badale amaslipper amahle ngokuhlonipha iminyaka engu-50 yefilimu ethi "The Wizard of Oz". (isithombe esingakwesokunxele) Yebo, umuntu akanakuhluleka ukubalula iNkosazana uMariya waseDenmark, ongumnikazi we-tiara enhle ngokumangalisayo enamarubi nomgexo omangalisayo werubi.

Amarubi okwenziwa, okungukuthi, okulingana okwenziwa kwamarubi.

Irubi yokwenziwa, engasetshenziswa embonini yobucwebe, yayivele idalwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Lokhu kwenziwa isazi samakhemikhali esingumFulentshi uVerneuil, okwathi, nokho, sithembele ocwaningweni lwabanduleli bakhe. Njengokukhiqizwa kwamasafire okwenziwa, ziningi izindlela. Izinkampani eziningi zinezindlela zazo ezizivikelayo futhi ezingavezi muntu. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-ruby ​​yokwenziwa kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Fusion, lapho into eyimpushana ishiselwa ibe yisimo esiwuketshezi bese iqiniswa ibe ifomu elicwebezelayo. Uhlobo lwesibili lwendlela ukukhiqizwa "kwesixazululo" lapho kudingeka khona i-alumina, engenambala, ne-chromium, enikeza umbala. I-Alumina ne-chromium zincibilika kwenye into futhi zingaphansi kokucwebezela. Izindlela ze-Verneuil kanye ne-Chochralski yizindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zokukhiqiza amarubi avela ezintweni eziyimpuphu. Kokubili indlela yokukhula kwe-hydrothermal kanye nendlela yokukhula kokugeleza yizindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni "isixazululo".

URuby uyitshe eliyigugu elibomvuI-ruby ​​yokwenziwa - intengo

Indlela kaVerneuil "yokuncibilika komlilo" ikhiqiza amarubi ashibhile, asetshenziswa kumabheringi noma kubucwebe obushibhile kakhulu. Indlela ye-Chochralski, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pulled Ruby, isetshenziselwa ama-lasers, futhi ilanda inani elilinganiselwa ku-$5 carat ngayinye. Amarubi e-Flux Growth abiza imali elinganiselwa ku-$50 nge-carat ngayinye futhi asetshenziselwa ubucwebe, kuyilapho indlela ye-hydrothermal, engavamile kakhulu, isetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbonini lapho kudingeka khona amakristalu adephile.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa i-ruby ​​yokwenziwa kwemvelo?

Indlela elula, yiqiniso, ingaphansi kwe-microscope, ezosembulela amaphethini wesici we-inclusions, ama-bubbles kanye nemigqa. Ngamathuluzi afanele, i-gemologist enhle ngeke nje ikwazi ukutshela itshe lokwenziwa kwemvelo, kodwa futhi uzokwazi ukusho ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba itshe livela kuyo, uma lingokwemvelo, noma ngayiphi indlela. kwadalwa, uma kungokwemvelo. zokwenziwa. Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi amarubi okwenziwa anezici ezifanayo noma afana kakhulu namatshe emvelo. Imvelo ngeke idale itshe eliphelele, ngakho-ke uma sisebenzelana neyodwa kuphela futhi intengo ikhanga kakhulu, qaphela futhi uyibheke njengetshe lokwenziwa.  

Bheka wethu iqoqo lolwazi mayelana nawo wonke amagugu esetshenziswa ubucwebe

  • Idayimane / Idayimane
  • Ruby
  • amethyst
  • I-Aquamarine
  • Agate
  • ametrine
  • Sapphire
  • Emerald
  • I-Topaz
  • Tsimofan
  • Jadeite
  • morganite
  • hawu!
  • I-Peridot
  • I-Alexandrite
  • I-Heliodor