Ivelu Yedayimane - Aziswa kanjani amadayimane?

Inani ledayimane linqunywa: amasiko eminyaka eminyaka ubudala, izinto zokuzilibazisa zehlelo kanye nemfashini engaguquki nehlala njalo. Itshe eliyigugu liphinde laziswa ngobulukhuni obungavamile bedayimane kanye nokumelana kwalo okuphawulekayo namakhemikhali anolaka kanye nezici ezishisayo. Uma futhi sicabangela ukutholakala okungavamile nobuhle obuthakazelisayo bamatshe anezinhlangothi, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani amadayimane ebizwa ngokuthi amatshe ayigugu. 

Amadayimane aqinile nokulinganisa kwawo

Ngemva kokwenziwa kwangasese kwe-De Beers ngo-2001, inkampani, njengengxenye yenqubomgomo yayo yamanani, yanquma ukungadalula amanani amadayimane aluhlaza athengiswa yi-Diamond Trading Co. Kodwa-ke, umbiko okhishwe yiBonas-Couzyn Ltd., inkampani yohwebo nocwaningo futhi ebona abantu bakwaDe Beers, ukhombisa ukuthi amanani entengo yamadayimane akhethiwe akhuphuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-2009 kusukela ngoMeyi 25. (Ithebula 1). Ukwenyuka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yekhwalithi ephezulu esaha 1 namakristalu e-dodecahedral (isawing 2) nama-chips. Njengoba izintengo ezipholishiwe zingakhuphuki ngenxa yenhlekelele yomhlaba wonke kanye nokuthengiswa okuvela endaweni yokugcina impahla, singalindela ukwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko zamadayimane aphucuziwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezisanda kuthengwa.

I-Antwerp Diamond Index

Inkomba, eyakhiwe yi-Higher Diamond Council (HRD), ikhombisa ukuguqulwa kwamanani entengo amadayimane - 0,50-1,00 carats, ukucaca kusuka ku-LC kuya ku-VS2 kanye nombala womhlophe omsulwa. (E) emhlophe (H) - emakethe yase-Antwerp (eBelgium). Idatha eshicilelwe ibonisa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1973 no-2008 (kuthatha i-1973 njenge-100%), amanani entengo ye-0,50 carat diamonds akhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-165%, futhi amanani e-1,00 carat diamonds akhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-270%. Izintengo eziphakeme kakhulu zamadayimane aphucuziwe zafinyelela ku-1980% no-402,8% ngokulandelana ngo-636,9, zase zehla ngokuhlelekile kwaze kwaba ngu-1985 zaya ku-182,6% kanye no-166,0% ngokulandelana. Izintengo zedayimane zikhuphuke kancane kodwa kancane kusukela ngo-1985 (ithebula 2, igrafu 1).

Izitayela zomlando zokukhula kwamanani edayimane

Izintengo zamadola ase-US zamadayimane ekhwalithi ephezulu angama-1,00-1,39 carats, ukucaca kwe-loupe (LC) kanye nobumhlophe obumsulwa (D) akhuphuke cishe ngo-1960% phakathi kuka-2010 no-840 (Ishadi 2). Isizathu sokukhuphuka kwamanani anjalo ukuntuleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ngoba amadayimane angaba ngu-750 kuphela ale mfanelo akhiqizwa minyaka yonke. Ngokulandelayo, ukuze kutholwe inani elincane kangaka lamatshe, kudingeka kukhishwe amathani angaba ngu-800 e-kimberlite. UGareth Penny wakwaDe Beers wathi engxoxweni ngo-000 ukuthi ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza emazingeni angenhla kungaholela ekuncipheni ngokuphelele kwediphozithi ekhiqiza amadayimane ekhwalithi ephezulu eminyakeni engama-000 ezayo. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwe-Antwerp Center for World Trade in Diamonds (Belgium), amanani entengo yamadayimane anjalo akhuphuka ngonyaka ngo-2010% ngo-20-1949. Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-15, ukukhuphuka kwentengo uma kuqhathaniswa neshumi leminyaka elidlule kwakungokulandelayo:

• 1960-1970 - 155%;
• 1970-1980 - 52%;
• 1980-1990 - 32%;
• 1990-2000 - 9%;
• 2000-2010 - 68%.

  Eminyakeni ezayo, kufanele silindele ukwenyuka okukhulu kwamanani entengo yamadayimane ekhwalithi ephezulu ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa: 1) umnotho womhlaba uyasimama noma uphuma ebunzimeni bomnotho, ikakhulukazi imakethe yaseMelika, ukusetshenziswa kwedayimane okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni (okungaphezu kwalokho 50%); 2) kukhona ukushoda kokunikezwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphakeme futhi amanani ayo akhula njalo; 3) amadiphozithi edayimane ancipha kancane, futhi impilo elindelekile yezimayini ezikhona ngaphansi komhlaba isethelwe u-2020; 4) isidingo samadayimane aphucuziwe sikhula ngokushesha ezimakethe ezintsha zase-Asia (China, Korea, Taiwan).

Bheka futhi ilukuluku - idayimane elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni!