Uphawu lweshumi nantathu lwe-zodiac

Futhi waba iqhawe lezindaba futhi. U-Ophiuchus, okuthiwa uphawu olulahlekile lwe-zodiac. Kulokhu, i-NASA ingemuva kwenguquko yezinkanyezi. Ngokusobala!

 Amawashi anikezwa eMoscow eRed Square! - Ulwazi olunjalo oluthakazelisayo lwanikezwa ku-cabaret engalibaleki "I-Radio Yerevan" kusukela ezikhathini zombuso odlule. Kwabe sekulandela izichibiyelo ezincane: Hhayi ku-Red Square, kodwa ku-Nevsky Prospekt. Hhayi amawashi, kodwa amabhayisikili. Abanikeli, bayantshontsha... Futhi manje sibhekene nento efanayo.I-zodiac engalungile!

Phakathi nenyanga egcwele nokusitheka kwenyanga ngo-September, izindaba ezivusa amadlingozi zasakaza kwabezindaba ngamandla esiphepho: inhlangano yasemkhathini yaseMelika iNASA yamemezela ukuthi konke esikwaziyo ngezibonakaliso zezinkanyezi akuselona iqiniso. Yingakho sidinga ukuchaza kabusha isibonakaliso esazalelwa kuso. Ngokwalolu lwazi olushaqisayo, kudingeka iziphetho ezintsha, njengoba isimiso samanje sezinkanyezi sihluke kakhulu kulokho esasibukeka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule, lapho kwakhiwa izinkanyezi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izazi zezinkanyezi zesimanje zisebenzisa izimpawu ezingalungile ze-zodiac. Le ndawo isenkingeni futhi izinwele ziklebhukile ekhanda! Phew ... Futhi manje sidonsa umoya futhi kancane kancane sichaza yonke into.

Okokuqala, i-NASA iyisikhungo sobuchwepheshe bokundiza emkhathini. Yebo, ezinye izihloko emkhakheni we-astrophysics ne-astronomy ziyathakazelisa kososayensi, kodwa ekufundweni kwezinkanyezi abazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zindaba ezishaqisayo azikwazi ukutholakala emakhasini amakhulu esikhungo esishiwo. Nokho, kwavela ukuthi kukhona okungalungile, ngoba i-NASA esigabeni sezingane yanikeza ilukuluku elincane mayelana ne-constellation yeshumi nantathu ku-ecliptic, i.e. mayelana no-Ophiuchus. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi kokubili ukubukeka kwemilaza nendawo yawo kuye kwashintsha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kodwa ayikho indlela esingabona ngayo uguquko maqondana ne-zodiac lapho. Icala lalokhu kudideka, ngeshwa, kumele libekwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, okuyizona ezishaye isihloko kakhulu.

 Ama-cutlets ashisayo

Indikimba yenguquko okusolakala ukuthi isikhishwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, ngakho-ke lezi zindaba zingabangwa ngokuphepha wuchungechunge lwamampunge okuthi ngezikhathi ezithile lubuyele emaphephandabeni. Izintatheli, futhi, ngokumangalisayo, izazi zezinkanyezi nazo, azizami ikakhulukazi ukutadisha isihloko eduze. Kunalokho, basebenzisa leli thuba ukuze basizakale ngokubhula ngezinkanyezi nababhula ngezinkanyezi.

Ake sisondele esihlokweni ngokuningiliziwe futhi sichaze into ebaluleke kakhulu: izimpawu ze-zodiac nezinkanyezi ziyizinto ezihluke ngokuphelele! Leli phutha libangelwa ukuntula ulwazi nokucwasa. Lapho ubheka isibhakabhaka ebusuku, ungabona amaqoqo ezinkanyezi okuthiwa amaqoqo ezinkanyezi. Umlaza awuwona umqondo oqinile wesayensi yezinkanyezi. Leli yifa lasendulo, izinganekwane kanye nesiko elingokomoya lesintu.

Eminyakeni engamakhulu ambalwa ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu, abaseBabiloni basungula amagama nezindawo zabo, futhi amaGreki asendulo abanika isimo sabo sokugcina. Isazi sezinkanyezi esidume kakhulu nesazi sezinkanyezi sasendulo, uClaudius Ptolemy, saqoka imilaza engu-48. Ukuhleleka kwawo kwesimanje kungenxa yesinqumo se-International Astronomical Union, okwathi ngo-1930 yahlonza imilaza engu-88.

Imingcele yabo ayifuni futhi ngokuvamile ilandela isiko. Njengamanje, isikhundla sabo kanye nemingcele kuchazwe ngokunembile, okubangelwa isidingo sokukala amathuluzi ezinkanyezi nama-telescopes. Yiqiniso, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi indawo yezinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni ayihlali njalo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izimo zezinkanyezi ziye zashintsha kancane kancane. Kuthiwani ngezibonakaliso ze-zodiac ezineshwa? Awu, awawona amaqoqo ezinkanyezi. I-zodiac iyibhande elisendaweni yasezulwini elihlotshaniswa ne-ecliptic, okungukuthi, ingxenye yesibhakabhaka esesimweni sendandatho engu-16º ububanzi, lapho ilanga, inyanga namaplanethi azulazula.

 nenhle nambili

Lapho abaseBabiloni benquma ukuhlukaniswa kwesibhakabhaka, becabangela uhambo lwaminyaka yonke lweLanga kanye ne-ecliptic, balihlukanisa leli bhande ngokwenani elivamile lemijikelezo yenyanga yama-synodic, unyaka wawo olingana neshumi nambili kanye nokukodwa okungaphelele - the eleshumi nantathu. Ngakho-ke inombolo yebhadi engu-13 yasendulo. Ishumi nambili iyinombolo ephelele ngoba ihlukaniswa ngesithupha, isine, ezintathu, nezimbili. Ngakho-ke, ilungele ukuchaza ukulinganisa kwendilinga.

Ishumi nantathu iyinombolo eyinhloko, engaphelele ngokuphelele ngoba ayihlukaniseki. Uma sibheka ukudayela kwewashi, asiqapheli ukuthi ukuma kwayo kungenxa yabaseBabiloni, abathi, ngokubheka isibhakabhaka, basungula ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo yonke ngezinombolo eziyishumi nambili (lokhu kuhlobene nezibonakaliso eziyishumi nambili ze-zodiac). AbaseBabiloni bavele benza izinto zaba lula kancane ngoba ukuhlukaniswa kwe-duodecimal kuyalingana futhi kunhle kakhulu ngokubuka kwezibalo.

Ukuqala kwe-zodiac kuwela ku-equinox ye-vernal. Lokhu futhi kuyisiqalo sesibonakaliso se-Aries, kodwa hhayi i-Aries yomlaza! Ngakho-ke, lapho iLanga liwela inkabazwe entwasahlobo, liqala intwasahlobo yezinkanyezi, iLanga lingena uphawu lwezinkanyezi lwe-Aries. Izimpawu ze-Zodiac azihambisani nemilaza. "Uphawu lwe-Zodiac" luwumqondo wezibalo nezinkanyezi, kanti "umlaza" uyinto evamile futhi iyinganekwane.

Ngesikhathi sikaPtolemy, lapho i-ecliptic ekugcineni kwakheka, izimpawu ze-zodiac zazilandela imilaza. Nokho, ngenxa yokwandulelwa kwe-eksisi yomhlaba, isenzakalo esibangela ukuba i-vernal equinox yehle kancane kancane ibhekene nesizinda sezinkanyezi, intwasahlobo manje iwela emlaza ohlukile womlaza wasendulo. Manje bangamaPisces, futhi maduze bazoba ngu-Aquarius. Umjikelezo wokudlula kuzo zonke izimpawu, obizwa ngokuthi unyaka kaPlato, cishe iminyaka engama-26 XNUMX. iminyaka. I-Precession yayaziwa emandulo, ngakho-ke abaseBhabhiloni (njengabaseGibhithe lasendulo) baqonda ukuthi iphuzu lentwasahlobo lalizohlehla ngokumelene nesizinda sezinkanyezi.

 U-Ophiuchus ugqama ku-ecliptic

Pho livelaphi lonke leli hlazo elibi? Ngakho-ke, abaseBabiloni abaqokanga ishumi nambili, kodwa imilaza eyishumi nantathu ku-ecliptic. Leli qiniso laziwa kudala, kodwa njengoba lingazange libe semthethweni, i-International Astronomical Union, ngesinqumo sayo sokuphatha, yanquma ukuthi kunezinkanyezi eziyishumi nantathu ku-ecliptic. Lo mlaza omncane weshumi nantathu unikezelwe ku-Asclepius Ophiuchus, ephakathi kweScorpio neSagittarius. Ayizange ingene ebhandeni lezinkanyezi, ngoba ihluke kancane kune-ecliptic.

Ukufingqa: akukho ukuguquguquka ku-zodiac futhi ngeke kube khona ukuguquguquka. Kunezibonakaliso eziyishumi nambili ze-zodiac, futhi ziyoba njalo. Nokho, isihloko sizobuya, njengazo zonke izindaba ze-tabloid. Indaba yabalingiswa abayishumi nantathu yagqashuka ngesikhathi sokufiphala kwenyanga ePisces, ngakho-ke - ngokuhambisana nomqondo wokufiphala kwelanga - kufanele kwenzeke okuthile okuyinqaba, njengewashi elinikezwe iRed Square ...Uhluke kanjani umlaza ku-zodiac?

Umlaza awulutho ngaphandle kweqembu elihlukene lezinkanyezi, elihlanganiswe kuphela umcabango womuntu wezinkondlo, owanika amagama nezincazelo zezinganekwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-zodiac, kusukela kwelesiGrikhi "zoo", iyibhande elisendaweni yasezulwini elihlotshaniswa ne-ecliptic, okungukuthi, ingxenye yesibhakabhaka ngesimo sendandatho engu-16 °, lapho ilanga, inyanga. namaplanethi ayazulazula. Leli bhande lihlukaniswe izingxenye eziyishumi nambili zama-degree angu-30 ngayinye, futhi lezi zingxenye zibizwa ngokuthi izimpawu ze-zodiac.

Isazi sezinkanyezi uPetr Gibashevsky