I-RGB - yini okufanele ukwazi?

I-spectrum yamaza kagesi kazibuthe ebangeni elisuka ku-380 kuya ku-780 nanometer inezincazelo eziningi zezibalo ngendlela yesikhala sombala esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba iso lomuntu liyasebenza lapha. Endabeni yokudala imibala ezikrinini nakumamonitha, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-RGB.

Iyini imodeli ye-RGB?

RGB - enye yamamodeli wesikhala sombala oyinhloko ahlobene nokukhanya okubonakalayo, ngenxa yokuthi imibala ingarekhodwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamadivayisi akhipha ukukhanya.

Igama ngokwalo liyisifinyezo sezinhlamvu zokuqala zemibala emithathu ngesiNgisi:

• R okubomvu kusho okubomvu
• G - green, i.e. eluhlaza
• B - blue, okusho blue

Uhlelo luwumphumela wombono oqondile wombala ngeso lomuntu. Iqiniso liwukuthi yonke imibala ebonwa ngeso ingamelwa ngendlela efanele ngenxa yokuxuba ukukhanya okuguquguqukayo ngezilinganiso ezifanele kule mibala emithathu. Indlela yokurekhoda ye-RGB isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kumadivayisi esimanjemanje, okungukuthi amamonitha, izikrini ze-LCD, izikrini ze-smartphone namathebulethi, namaphrojektha. Isebenza kahle nakumadivaysi okubona anjengamakhamera edijithali nezikena, kanye nakusayensi yekhompiyutha, njengoba iphalethi yombala yamafayela amaningi ibhalwe nge-RGB njengophawu lwe-24-bit - amabhithi ayi-8 engxenyeni ngayinye.

Imibala ikhiqizwa kanjani kabusha ohlelweni lwe-RGB?

Ukuthola imibala yezingxenye ku-RGB, kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhlanganisa yokuhlanganisa, ehlanganisa ukudala imibala ngayinye ngokuxuba imisebe yokukhanya nokuqina okukhethwe ngokucophelela. Ngenxa yalokho, izithombe ezinemibala eminingi zivela kumamonitha noma kwamanye amadivaysi ashiwo ngenhla. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho imisebe yokukhanya yemibala emithathu eyinhloko iwela ebusweni besikrini, idala ngokuzenzakalelayo imibala emisha ethwetshulwa iso lomuntu, ibekwe phezulu komunye nomunye. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo ezithile zeso, elingakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye, kodwa lizibona ndawonye, ​​​​njengombala omusha nje. Imisebe yokukhanya evela esikrinini iya ngqo emehlweni futhi ayibonakali kunoma yini endleleni.

Ukwengezwa kwezingxenye ezengeziwe ku-additive synthesis kwenzeka kungemuva elimnyama, ngoba lokhu kunjalo ngabaqaphi. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu kunasendabeni yephalethi yombala we-CMYK, lapho ingemuva linombala omhlophe weshidi futhi isetshenziswa kulo ngokwemboza izingxenye kusetshenziswa indlela ye-halftone. Imodeli ye-RGB inikeza amathuba amaningi, kodwa khumbula ukuthi izisetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni imibala. Ngamunye wabo angaba nezici ezihlukile ze-spectral ngakho-ke umehluko ekuboneni kombala kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isikrini amehlo akuso.

Ungawuthola kanjani umbala othize?

Kuyafaneleka ukugcizelela ukuthi umbala ngamunye ohlelweni lwe-RGB ungaba nanoma yiliphi inani kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-255, i.e. bonisa ukukhanya kwemibala ethile. Uma ingxenye isethelwe ku-0, isikrini ngeke sikwazi ukukhazimula ngalowo mbala. Inani elingu-255 ukukhanya okukhulu okungenzeka. Ukuze uthole ophuzi, u-R no-G kumelwe abe ngu-255 futhi u-B abe ngu-0.

Ukuze uthole ukukhanya okumhlophe ku-RGB, imibala ephambene kufanele ixutshwe ngokuqina okukhulu, i.e. imibala ezinhlangothini eziphambene - R, G no-B ngakho-ke kufanele ibe nenani lika-255. Okumnyama kutholakala kumanani amancane kakhulu, i.e. 0. Z, futhi, umbala ompunga udinga ukwabela ingxenye ngayinye inani phakathi kwalesi sikali, i.e. 128. Ngakho, ngokuxuba amanani ombala okukhiphayo, noma yimuphi umbala ungabonakala.

Kungani kusetshenziswa imibala ebomvu, eluhlaza neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

Lesi sihloko sesixoxiwe ngokwengxenye. Phela, akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi le mibala emithathu isetshenziswe kulo modeli, hhayi eminye. Konke kuncike emandleni athile eso lomuntu. Iqukethe ama-photoreceptors akhethekile ombono, ahlanganisa i-retinal neurons. Ngomongo walokhu kucatshangelwa, ama-cones anesibopho sombono wesithombe, okungukuthi, umbono wombala ekukhanyeni okuhle, abaluleke kakhulu. Uma ukukhanya kuqine kakhulu, ukuzwela kombono kuyawohloka ngenxa yokugcwala okukhulu kwalawa ma-neurons ngawo.

Ngakho-ke, ama-suppositories abamba ukukhanya okunezigaba ezahlukene ze-wavelength, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi kunamaqembu amathathu amakhulu ama-suppositories - ngalinye libonisa ukuzwela okukhethekile kubude obuchazwe kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaza amaza azungeze u-700 nm anesibopho sokubona okubomvu, azungeze u-530 nm anikeza umbono wokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekuboneni, futhi ubude begagasi obungu-420 nm bunikeza okuluhlaza. Umbala ocebile wephalethi uwumphumela wokusabela kwamaqembu ngamanye ama-suppositories kumaza okukhanya abonakalayo.

Uma ukukhanya kungena ngqo esithweni sombono futhi kungaboniswa kunoma iyiphi into esendleleni yakho, khona-ke imibala ethile ingabonakala kalula, okwenzeka kumamonitha, izikrini, amaphrojektha noma amakhamera. Umsebenzi ongeziwe oshiwo ngenhla uyasetshenziswa, ohlanganisa ukungeza imibala ngayinye kungemuva elimnyama. Kungenye into lapho iso lomuntu libona ukukhanya. Esimweni esinjalo, umbono wombala uba umphumela wokumuncwa kwamagagasi kagesi obude obuthile ngento. Ebuchosheni bomuntu, lokhu kuholela ekubonakaleni kombala othile. Lokhu kuphambene ncamashi nomgomo wokungeza, lapho imibala ikhishwa kungemuva elimhlophe.

Isetshenziswa kanjani iphalethi yombala we-RGB?

I-RGB ibaluleke kakhulu kumongo wemisebenzi ehlobene nomkhakha wokumaketha nge-inthanethi. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngokudala iphrojekthi yokuklama iwebhusayithi kanye nayo yonke eminye imisebenzi ku-inthanethi ehlobene nokwengeza izithombe nezithombe kokuqukethwe okushicilelwe (isibonelo, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana), kanye nokudala ihluzo noma i-infographics. Ngaphandle kolwazi olufanele lokudala imibala kumodeli ye-RGB, kungaba nzima ukuzuza imiphumela eyanelisa ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi njengoba isithombe ngasinye sibukeka sihluke kancane kumishini ngayinye kagesi. Ngisho noshintsho olulula ekukhanyeni kwesikrini lubangela umbono ohlukile wemibala (okubangelwa ukuzwela kwama-cones).

Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi izilungiselelo zokuqapha zithinta umbono wemibala ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi umehluko omkhulu wamathunzi. Lolu lwazi lugwema ukungaqondi kahle okuningi emgqeni wezithombe namakhasimende. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona iphrojekthi ethile okungenani kubaqaphi abambalwa. Khona-ke kuba lula ukuqonda lokho izethameli ezikubonayo. Ngeke futhi kube nenkinga ukuthi, ngemva kokugunyazwa, iphrojekthi izoziveza ngokuhlukile, ngoba iklayenti lishintshe ngokuzumayo izilungiselelo zokuqapha.

Enye indlela yokuphuma kulesi simo ukusebenza nomklami wezithombe onedivayisi yekhwalithi ekuvumela ukuthi ubonise kahle imibala ngokuya ngamapharamitha okukhiphayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi esimweni semikhiqizo ephrintiwe, izinkinga ezinjalo aziveli. Kwanele ukulungiselela ukuphrinta kokuhlola kusengaphambili ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuphrinta konke kuzobukeka kanjani ngempela.

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