Umdwebo weBaroque - yini okufanele ukwazi?

«umdwebo we-baroque“Kuvele ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX futhi kwaba umphumela wezinguquko ezinkulu zezepolitiki namasiko ezenzeka eYurophu. Igama lalesi sitayela livela egameni lesiPutukezi elithi barroco, elisho iparele elimise ngendlela engavamile.

Izici zesici zalesi sitayela kwakuyizi: umuzwa wobukhulu (ukunotha kwenyama), kanye nokudluliselwa kokuqukethwe okungokomzwelo. Abaculi be-Baroque bazama ukuthonya indawo engokomzwelo yezethameli, bakhanga imizwa.

Yayiyini isizinda esingokomlando salokhu kuqondisa?

I-Baroque yavela njengempendulo yeSonto LamaKatolika enhlanganweni yeNguquko YamaProthestani eyavela ekhulwini le-1545. IVatican yazigxeka izinguquko nokwanda kobuProthestani. ISonto LamaKatolika eMkhandlwini WaseTrent (63/XNUMX) lanquma ukuthi ubuciko kufanele buhlobane ngokuqondile nezihloko zenkolo.

UMkhandlu waseTrent ucele abadwebi ukuthi benze imidwebo yabo nezithombe zabo zisebenze kangcono kubantu abangafundile.

IBandla lalifuna amaciko enze ubuciko obungokoqobo, obungokomzwelo, obumangalisayo, ukuze bakhe ukholo, kuyilapho befinyelela futhi bethonya abantu abangafundile. Ubuciko be-Baroque baba ithuluzi elinamandla lenkulumo-ze yesonto nababusi, ababedlulisela izimfundiso zenkolo kumakholwa.

Umdwebo weBaroque waqala ukugxila kwabangcwele, iNcasakazi uMariya nezinye izifundo ezidumile zeBhayibheli. Isitayela seBaroque savela e-Italy (ikakhulukazi eVenice), sabe sesisakazekela eFrance, eJalimane, eNgilandi nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Ukuthuthuka komnotho eNetherlands ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kokudweba. Iningi labadwebi be-Dutch lipende izigcawu zohlobo, i-lifes, izithombe kanye nemidwebo yomlando. Lesi kwakuyinkathi yegolide yokudweba kwamaDashi, futhi abadwebi bamaProthestani basebenza ngesitayela se-baroque esingokoqobo.

umbono imidwebo yesitayela se-retro yegumbi lokuhlala.

Izici zomdwebo we-baroque.

Umdwebo we-Baroque wawuhloselwe ukuvusa imizwa nothando esikhundleni sokucabangela okuzolile kwe-Renaissance. Ngesikhathi seRenaissance, ifomu, i-anatomy kanye nokuvezwa okungokoqobo kwezibalo zomuntu kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekudwebeni.

I-Baroque, imidwebo eyisikhumbuzo ibonakala ngedrama enkulu, imibala ecebile kanye nezithunzi ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo.

Ngokufanayo, bacebile nangengcebo ifenisha yesitayela se-louisokungukuthi i-baroque.

Abaculi be-Baroque babegxile ekukhanyeni nasethunzini. Ukunakwa okuningi kwakhokhelwa ngemuva, kwaba kubalulekile ukulawula ukukhanya okukhulu nesithunzi. Abaculi be-Baroque basebenzisa imibala ecebile, ukukhanya nobumnyama ukuze bakhe imizwelo nokulandelana kwesenzo.

Zikhombisa ukufa, ukuhamba kwesikhathi, injabulo, imibono kanye nokuguqulwa kwezenkolo. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yabadwebi abadumile njengoCaravaggio noRembrandt.

Idrama ekhonjiswa emidwebeni yabo ibonakala njengomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokukhanya nesithunzi esisondelayo.

Abaculi be-Baroque abaphawulekayo:

1. UMichelangelo Merisi Caravaggio, umdwebi wase-Italy owasebenza eRoma, eNaples, eMalta naseSicily ngo-1592-1610. Imisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu: "Bacchus", "Supper at Emmaus" (Caravaggio), "London", "Call of St. Matthew", "Medusa".

2. U-Rembrandt wayengumdwebi ongumDashi othathwa njengomunye wabadwebi abakhulu nabadwebi bezithombe base-Europe nase-Dutch. Imisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu yilezi: "Night Watch", "Artemisia", "David and Uriya", "self-portrait", "Storm in the Sea of ​​Galilee".

3. U-Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez wayengumdwebi waseSpain owayebhekwa njengomdwebi ohamba phambili enkantolo yeNkosi uPhilip IV futhi engomunye wabadwebi ababaluleke kakhulu be-Spanish Golden Age. Wayekhethekile ngezithombe, izigcawu zomlando nezamasiko. Wapenda inqwaba yezithombe zomndeni wasebukhosini baseSpain nezinye izibalo ezidumile zaseYurophu. Imisebenzi yakhe edumile i-Las Meninas, Isithombe SikaMama uJerónim de la Fuente, Isithombe Somuntu, Isithombe sikaJuan de Pareja, u-Infanta Margherita Teresa Ogqoke Ingubo Epinki.

4. UPeter Paul Rubens wayengumdwebi we-Flemish Baroque. Emidwebeni yakhe, ugcizelele ukunyakaza, umbala kanye nenkanuko. Wayaziwa ngama-altare aphikisana nenguquko, izithombe, izindawo, nemidwebo yomlando ezindikimbeni zezinganekwane nezingokomfanekiso. URubens wayengusosayensi ofunde kakhulu, i-humanist kanye nediplomat. Wahlonishwa nguPhilip IV, iNkosi yaseSpain, noCharles I, iNkosi yaseNgilandi. Imisebenzi yakhe yobuciko emikhulu kunayo yonke yilena: Ukuphakanyiswa Kwesiphambano, Ukudlwengulwa Kwamadodakazi AseLeucippe, Ukwenyuka Kwentombi Ebusisiwe UMariya, u-Alethea Talbot noMyeni wakhe.

Amafreyimu e-Baroque

Amafreyimu ezithombe enkathini ye-Baroque kwakuyimisebenzi yobuciko yangempela, evame ukuqoshwa abaqophi abakhulu benkathi. Ukuhlotshiswa okucebile kwamafreyimu ezithombe zika-Ludwik kwazuza udumo olukhulu ezinkantolo zase-Europe nasemasontweni ase-Europe.

Amafreyimu e-Baroque ayehlotshiswe ngegolide ukuze angeze ukukhanya emidwebeni enefreyimu. Amafreyimu ahlotshiswe ngokucebile ngemininingwane eminingi eyenziwe ngegolide nemihlobiso. Ngokuvamile, ama-motifs okuhlobisa amafreyimu e-baroque ayenziwe ngesitayela emdwebeni.

Uhlaka olunjalo lugcizelele ngokuphelele isikhumbuzo seBaroque somdwebo. Umhlobiso ocebile ubuye wagcizelela isimo sempahla yomnikazi futhi uhambelana nomhlobiso ocebile wezinto zangaphakathi zangaleso sikhathi.

Nginga-oda kuphi ozimele be-baroque ngokwezifiso?

Ukukhethwa okubanzi kwamaphethini ohlaka lwe-baroque, okwenziwe ngokwenqubo yasendulo, egubuzwe ngensimbi ecijile ngemihlobiso ecebile, enamaphrofayili anobubanzi obuhlukahlukene, ingabukwa futhi i-odwe ngosayizi othize oprawanorland.pl Yifekthri eyaziwayo yezikhali lapho abaqoqi, izindlu zendali kanye namakhasimende ngamanye a-oda amafreyimu.