Umlando Wemishini Yokudweba Umdwebo

Umlando wezibhamu ze-tattoo waqala kudala kakhulu. Ake sibheke emuva eminyakeni yawo-1800. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye u-Alessandro Volta (usokhemisi ohlakaniphile kanye nesazi sefiziksi sase-Italy) wasungula into ewusizo kakhulu nevamile namuhla - ibhethri likagesi.

Phela, ama-prototypes emishini yokuqala ye-tattoo yasebenza ngamabhethri. Kamuva ngo-1819 umsunguli odumile waseDenmark, uHans Christian Oersted, wathola isimiso sikagesi sikazibuthe, esasetshenziswa nasemishinini yokudweba imifanekiso. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngo-1891 umdwebi we-tattoo waseMelika uSamuel O'Reilly wagunyaza umshini wakhe wokuqala wokudweba kagesi. Yiqiniso, amathuluzi okubhoboza asetshenziswe ngisho nangaphambili, noma kunjalo, kwakungeyona idivayisi egcwele ama-tattoos.

Isibonelo esikhanyayo semishini enjalo yidivayisi eyenziwe nguThomas Alva Edison. Ngo-1876 wathola ilungelo lobunikazi bomshini wohlobo lwe-rotary. Inhloso enkulu kwakuwukwenza lula isimiso sansuku zonke ehhovisi. Isebenza ngebhethri, lo mshini wenze ama-stencil amaflaya, amaphepha noma izinto ezifanayo. Kwaba lula kakhulu ukubhoboza imbobo emaphepheni; ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesandla esiwusizo se-inki roller, umshini ukopishe imibhalo ehlukahlukene. Ngisho nasekhulwini lamashumi amabili nanye sisebenzisa indlela efanayo yokudluliswa kwe-stencil. Izinkampani ezibhekene nokudweba izimpawu zisebenzisa indlela efanayo embonini yazo.

UThomas Alva Edison - umsunguli waseMelika onethalente futhi ocebile - wazalwa ngo-1847. Phakathi neminyaka engama-84 yokuphila kwakhe waba nelungelo lobunikazi lokusungula okungaphezu kwenkulungwane: igilamafoni, i-light bulb, i-mimeograph kanye nesistimu ye-telegraph. Ngo-1877 wavuselela ipulani lepensela; enguqulweni endala uThomas Edison akazange awubone ngokugcwele umqondo wakhe, ngakho wathola ilungelo lobunikazi elilodwa lenguqulo ethuthukisiwe. Umshini omusha ubunamakhoyili ambalwa kagesi. Lawa makhoyili ayebekwe ngokuphambana namashubhu. Ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo kwenziwa ngomhlanga oguquguqukayo, owawundindizela phezu kwamakhoyili. Lo mhlanga wakha i-stencil.

Omunye umdwebi wama-tattoo waseNew York unqume ukusebenzisa le ndlela ekudwebeni. Kuthathe uSamuel O'Reilly iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ukulungisa umklamo ka-Edison. Ekugcineni, umphumela wawumangalisa - wathuthukisa ukuhlanganisa amashubhu, indawo yokugcina uyinki kanye nomshini wokulungisa uwonke wokwenza umdwebo. Iminyaka ende yokusebenza yakhokhelwa - USamuel O'Reilly ugunyaze indalo yakhe futhi waba ngumsunguli wokuqala womshini we-tattoo wase-US. Lo mcimbi wawuyisiqalo esisemthethweni sokuthuthukiswa komshini we-tattoo. Umklamo wakhe useyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi evamile phakathi kwabaculi be-tattoo.

Le patent bekuyisiqalo kuphela sendlela ende yezinguquko. Inguqulo entsha yomshini we-tattoo yayinelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1904 naseNew York. UCharlie Wagner waphawula ukuthi ugqozi lwakhe oluyinhloko kwakunguThomas Edison. Kodwa izazi-mlando zithi umshini kaSamuel O'Reilly wawuyisisusa esiyinhloko sokusungulwa okusha. Empeleni, akwenzi mqondo ukuphikisana, ngoba ungathola ithonya lomklamo we-Edison emsebenzini ka-Wagner no-O'Reilly. Isizathu sokulingisa nokuklama kabusha okunjalo phakathi kwabasunguli ukuthi bonke batholakala ohlangothini olusempumalanga ye-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Edison wahlela ama-workshops eNew York ukuze abonise lokho akufezile kubantu, ehamba esuka esifundeni sakubo eNew Jersey.

Akukhathalekile ukuthi kwakungu-O'Reilly noma u-Wagner, nanoma yimuphi omunye umdali - umshini oshintshiwe kusukela ngo-1877 wasebenza kahle kakhulu mayelana ne-tattooing. Igumbi likayinki elithuthukisiwe, ukulungiswa kwe-stroke, ukuhlanganisa amashubhu, eminye imininingwane emincane kudlale indima enkulu endabeni eyengeziwe yemishini yokudweba umzimba.

UPercy Waters wabhalisa ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-1929. Yayinomehluko othile ezinguqulweni zangaphambili zezibhamu ze-tattoo - amakhoyili amabili ayenohlobo olufanayo lwe-electromagnetic kodwa athola uhlaka olufakiwe. Bekukhona ne-spark shield, iswishi kanye nenaliti. Iningi lama-tattooists likholelwa ukuthi umbono ka-Waters ngqo uyisiqalo semishini yokubhala. Isizinda senkolelo enjalo ukuthi uPercy Waters wakhiqiza futhi wabe esehweba ngezinhlobo zemishini ehlukahlukene. Nguye kuphela umuntu owadayisela emakethe imishini yakhe enamalungelo obunikazi. Umthuthukisi wangempela wesitayela kwakungomunye umuntu. Ngeshwa, igama lomdali lilahlekile. Okuwukuphela kwezinto azenziwa nguWaters - unelungelo lobunikazi bokusungulwa futhi wathembisa ukudayiswa.

Unyaka ka-1979 waletha emisha. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-XNUMX, uCarol Nightingale wabhalisa izibhamu zomshini we-tattoo ezivuselelwe. Isitayela sakhe sasiyinkimbinkimbi futhi sinemininingwane. Wengeze futhi nethuba lokulungisa amakhoyili kanye ne-back spring mount, wanezela iziphethu zamaqabunga ezinobude obuhlukahlukene, ezinye izingxenye ezidingekayo.

Njengoba singabona esikhathini esidlule semishini, umdwebi ngamunye wenza ithuluzi lakhe libe ngelakhe ngokuvumelana nesidingo salo. Ngisho nemishini ye-tattoo yesimanje, eyedlule amakhulu eminyaka yokuguqulwa ayiphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wonke amadivaysi e-tattoo ahlukile futhi ajwayele izidingo zomuntu siqu, kusekhona ukukhulelwa kukaThomas Edison enhliziyweni yayo yonke imishini ye-tattoo. Ngezakhi ezihlukahlukene kanye nesengezo, isisekelo sakho konke siyefana.

Abaqambi abaningi abavela e-United States nasemazweni ase-Europe bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinguqulo zemishini emidala. Kodwa abambalwa babo kuphela abakwazi ukudala umklamo oyingqayizivele ngempela ngemininingwane ewusizo kakhulu futhi bathole ilungelo lobunikazi, noma batshale imali eyanele nesikhathi ekufezeni imibono yabo. Mayelana nenqubo, ukuthola umklamo ongcono kusho ukwedlula indlela enzima egcwele izilingo namaphutha. Ayikho indlela eqondile yokuthuthukisa. Ngokwethiyori, izinguqulo ezintsha zemishini ye-tattoo kufanele zisho ukusebenza okungcono nokusebenza kangcono. Kodwa empeleni lezi zinguquko ngokuvamile azilethi ntuthuko noma zenze umshini ube mubi nakakhulu, okukhuthaza abathuthukisi ukuba bacabange kabusha imibono yabo, bathole izindlela ezintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe.