Umdlavuza we-Vulvar - izimbangela, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa

I-Cancer of the vulva iyithumba eliyingozi elingajwayelekile elitholakala ezithweni zangaphandle zowesifazane: i-labia ne-clitoris. Ingozi yokukhula kwayo iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engama-60. Ekuqaleni, lesi sifo si-asymptomatic. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokukhathazeka, kufanele usheshe uthintane nodokotela. Kungani ibalulekile? Yini okufanele ukwazi?

1. Uyini umdlavuza we-vulvar?

Umdlavuza we-vulva ongajwayelekile futhi oqhubekayo ukwanda kwe-tumor cell etholakala kumaseli e-epithelial we-vulva yisifo esingavamile. Ibala amaphesenti ambalwa awo wonke ama-neoplasms ayingozi atholakala endaweni yangasese.

Leli qembu lezilonda zesikhumba se-vulvar libonakala ngokukhula ngokweqile noma ukuncipha kwe-epithelium. Kuhlanganisa:

• i-squamous cell hyperplasia: I-HPV DNA ivamise ukutholakala kumaseli ayo. I-squamous cell carcinoma iwumdlavuza ovame kakhulu we-vulva futhi uvela ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka-90%.
• kancane kancane i-lichen sclerosus.

2. Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-vulvar

Umdlavuza we-vulva ungakhula i-asymptomatic, kungase futhi kuhambisane nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• ukulunywa
• indawo yokubhaka,
• ukungakhululeki
• ukuphumula

Ngabe zibukeka kanjani izandla ze-vulva? Kuye ngesigaba sesifo, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwenziwa uyagula, ukuvuza kwamatshe noma ukukhula kukakholifulawa.

3. Izimbangela zomdlavuza we-vulvar

Izimo eziningi eziyingozi ze-vulva zikhula ngenxa yezifo. Igciwane le-HPV (uhlobo 16). Iqembu lesibili lama-vulvar neoplasms lihlanganisa izilonda ezingahlotshaniswa ne-HPV futhi zenzeka emhlabathini we-substrate. izinguquko ezingapheli zokuvuvukala.

Kakhulu izici eziyingozi uthole umdlavuza we-vulvar. Bangakwazi ukufaka isandla kokubili ekuthuthukiseni inqubo yesifo kanye nesivinini senkambo yayo.

Ngokuyisisekelo iminyaka. Iningi lomdlavuza we-vulvar liqala kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, nakuba lesi sifo sitholakala nakwabesifazane abasebasha. Inombolo enkulu yamacala omdlavuza we-vulvar kwenzeka kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-70-80 ubudala.

Esinye isici esiyingozi siwukuthi izifo ezithathelwanayo. Umlando wokutheleleka ngegciwane le-herpes simplex (HSV) uhlobo 2, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-human papillomavirus (HPV) uhlobo 16 no-18, kanye nogcunsula noma i-granuloma inguinalkodwa futhi izifo ze-chlamydial. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokutheleleka nge-HPV kanye nokukhula komdlavuza we-vulvar, okwenzeka kaningi ezigulini ezincane ezibhema ugwayi futhi ezinenani elikhulu labalingani bocansi, sekuqinisekisiwe.

Aziyona ize izici zofuzoikakhulukazi ukuguqulwa kofuzo lwe-p53. Ushintsho emsebenzini walo lungaholela ekukhiqizeni okungalawulwa kwamaseli angavamile futhi, ekugcineni, ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza.

4. Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza we-vulvar

Ukubikezelwa komdlavuza we-vulvar kuncike esigabeni sesifo inqubo ye-neoplastic. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi lesi sifo sitholakala kuphela esigabeni esithuthukile. Udaba luxakeke wukuthi azikho izivivinyo zokuhlola ukusheshe kutholwe izimila zembokodo.

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kuye ngokuthi isigaba sesifo, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuveza isilonda, ukungena noma ukukhula kwekholifulawa. Bese kunconyelwa ukuxilonga okuningiliziwe.

Ukuhlola okwengeziwe okwenziwa ezigulini ezinomdlavuza we-vulvar kufaka:

• i-pap smear,
• i-vulvoscopy,
• i-transvaginal swab,
• i-radiograph yesifuba,
• I-ultrasound yesisu.

Noma yiziphi izinguquko eziphazamisayo ku-vulva ziqinisekiswa ukuhlolwa kwe-histological yesampula ethathiwe.

5. Ukwelashwa Kwe-Vulvar Cancer

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kungasekelwe kukho kokubili ukukhishwa kwesilondaukususwa okukhulu kwe-vulva. Umthamo wokusebenza uncike kusayizi wesimila, indawo okugxilwe kuyo isifo, isimo se-lymph nodes kanye nesimo esijwayelekile sowesifazane.

Ukwelashwa kwe-adjuvant ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngemva kokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwama-lymph nodes e-metastatic. Kubuye kube ukwelashwa okukhulu lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-chemotherapy isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe ubukhulu besimila futhi kwandise amathuba okuhlinzwa. Ezizimele i-vulvar cancer chemotherapy Ibuye isetshenziswe ezigulini ezibuyele emuva ezingaphenduli ekwelashweni kwezihloko.

Ezigulini lapho ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa nge-radiation contraindicated, ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative. Khona-ke i-chemotherapy inikezwa ukumisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Umdlavuza we-Vulvar metastasizes ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-lymphatic. Ukungazinaki izinguquko ezenzeke kungabangela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo ezicutshini ezingomakhelwane futhi kubangele izinguquko kwezinye izitho. Uma kutholwa ekuqaleni kwe-vulva, lokhu akuhambisani nayo ama-metastases kuma-lymph nodesukubikezela kuhle.

Ingabe udinga ukubonisana nodokotela, i-e-issuance noma i-e-prescription? Iya kuwebhusayithi ethi abcZdrowie Thola udokotela futhi ngokushesha uhlele isikhathi sokulala esibhedlela nochwepheshe abavela kulo lonke elasePoland noma nge-teleportation.