Izigaba zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini

Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini yinkathi yesikhathi ephindaphinda ngokwesilinganiso njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-28. Ngakho, umzimba wowesifazane ulungiselela ukuvundiswa. Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini uqukethe izinqubo ezintathu: umjikelezo we-endocrine, umjikelezo we-ovulatory (ovarian) kanye ne-endometrial (uterine). I-hypothalamus ne-pituitary gland ithumela amasignali kuma-ovaries kanye nesibeletho. Yonke imisebenzi incike komunye.

1. Yiziphi izigaba zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini?

• Umjikelezo weHormonal

Umsebenzi we-ovarian uncike kumahomoni amabili: i-luteinizing hormone ne-follitropin. Lawa mahomoni akhiqizwa indlala ye-pituitary. Kodwa ukuze indlala ye-pituitary ikhiqize i-lutein ne-follitropin, kufanele yelashwe nge-GnRH (ihomoni ekhishwa i-hypothalamus).

Ukuya esikhathini kubangela ukwanda kwezinga le-follicle-stimulating hormone. Ngakho, ama-ovari ayakhuthazwa ukuba akhe futhi athuthukise i-Graaff follicle. Kungase kube namabhamuza amaningana. Yilapho iqanda livuthwa khona. Ama-Estrogens akhiqizwa izindonga zama-follicle akhululiwe.

Ama-Estrogen amahomoni anquma izici ezithile zobulili zowesifazane (isibeletho, amashubhu e-fallopian, isitho sangasese sangaphandle) kanye nekhono lakhe lokufinyelela i-orgasm. Izinga le-follitropin liyakhuphuka. Ngenxa yalokhu, elinye lamabhamuza liqala ukubusa amanye. Le follicle ikhiqiza i-estrogen eyengeziwe, eyehlisa amazinga e-follitropin. Yilapho impendulo ingena khona. I-Follitropin inesibopho sokuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwama-follicle. Ngokulandelayo, i-lutotropin yesigaba sokuncipha kwabo, i.e. i-ovulation.

Ngenxa ye-follitropin, iqanda liyakhululwa ku-Graaff follicle. Izinsalela ze-follicle ngaphansi kwesenzo se-hormone ziphenduka zibe yi-corpus luteum, ekhiqiza i-estrogen ne-progesterone. Lapho ukuvundiswa kungenzeki, i-corpus luteum iyafa. I-Estrogen neprogesterone ayisakhiqizwa. I-pituitary gland ilungiselela umjikelezo olandelayo. Ngakho uqala futhi ukukhiqiza i-follitropin.

• umjikelezo wesibeletho

Intombazane ngayinye ngemva kokuzalwa iba nenani elithile lamaqanda, okuwukugcina kwayo ukuphila kwayo yonke. Amaqanda azungezwe ama- primordial follicles. Kunama-follicles anjalo angaba ngu-400 kuma-ovari. I-follicle ngayinye iqukethe iqanda elilodwa. I-pituitary gland iqala ukukhiqiza i-follitropin. Lesi yisikhuthazo sokuthi ama-follicles aqale ukukhula. Amabhamuza ayavuvukala uma egcwele uketshezi, enze umgodi wamabhamuza.

Ingxenye yamaseli ngaphakathi kwe-follicle itholakala ku-appendage ebhekene ne-lumen ye-follicle. Amanye amaseli aya ngaphandle futhi akhe ungqimba oluyimbudumbudu. I-follicle eyodwa kuphela eyakhiwe ngokwanele ukuze iphile. Abanye bayafa. Izindonga ze-follicle ethuthukisiwe zikhiqiza ama-estrogen ashukumisa indlala ye-pituitary. I-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-hormone ye-luteinizing. Ngenxa yale hormone, i-ovulation kungenzeka, okungukuthi, ukukhululwa kweqanda.

Lapho i-ovulation kwenzeka nokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuqanda yizinto ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa lapho usebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ukuzalwa zemvelo. Lokhu kudinga ukuqonda kahle umzimba womuntu siqu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka kowesifazane umjikelezo we-anovulatory. Izinsalela ze-follicle ngaphansi kwesenzo se-hormone ye-luteinizing ziphenduka i-corpus luteum. Uma ukuvundiswa kwehluleka, umzimba ushintsha usuka ekubeni phuzi ube mhlophe bese uyafa.

Umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini (ukuya esikhathini) ungowokuqala isigaba somjikelezo. Kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezi-5. Esigabeni sesibili, phakathi nomjikelezo wesibeletho, i-follicle iyavuthwa. Lolu usuku lwe-6-14 lomjikelezo. Lesi sigaba sibizwa ngokuthi yi-follicular phase. Isigaba sokugcina (isigaba se-luteal) siyaqhubeka ukusuka ekuphumeni kweqanda kuye ekuphumeni kabusha kwegazi. Itholakala ngezinsuku eziyi-15-28. Usuku lokuqala lokopha nalo luwusuku lokuqala lomjikelezo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, usuku lokugcina lomjikelezo wusuku olwandulela ukopha kabusha.

• umjikelezo wesibeletho

Ulwelwesi lwesibeletho luyashintsha ngokwezinga elithile phakathi nomjikelezo. Ngaphansi kwethonya lama-estrogens, izicubu zayo ziba mkhulu futhi zibe zinkulu. Lapho ubhekene ne-progesterone esibelethweni, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luqala ukukhipha uketshezi olukhethekile umbungu odla ngalo. Uma ukuvundiswa kungafinyelelwa, i-mucosa iqala ukuvuleka.

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