Izinduna

Uhlolojikelele lwezinduna

Izinduna yisimo sesikhumba esivamile esenzeka lapho izinhlayiya zezinwele ezingaphansi kwesikhumba zivaleka. I-Sebum - uwoyela osiza ukuvikela isikhumba ukuthi singomi - futhi amangqamuzana esikhumba afile avala izimbotshana, okuholela ekuqubukeni kwezilonda ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izinduna noma izinduna. Ngokuvamile, ukuqubuka kwenzeka ebusweni, kodwa kungase kuvele emhlane, esifubeni nasemahlombe.

Induna yisimo sesikhumba esivuvukalayo esinezindlala ze-sebaceous (amafutha) ezixhumene nefollicle yezinwele enezinwele ezinhle. Esikhumbeni esinempilo, izindlala ze-sebaceous zikhiqiza i-sebum, efika ebusweni besikhumba ngokusebenzisa ama-pores, okuvula i-follicle. Ama-keratinocyte, uhlobo lwamangqamuzana esikhumba, aklelisa i-follicle. Ngokuvamile, lapho umzimba ukhipha amangqamuzana esikhumba, ama-keratinocyte akhuphukela phezu kwesikhumba. Uma othile enezinduna, izinwele, i-sebum, nama-keratinocyte anamathelana ngaphakathi kwembotshana. Lokhu kuvimbela ama-keratinocyte ekuchithekeni futhi kuvimbela i-sebum ukuthi ingafinyeleli ebusweni besikhumba. Ingxube kawoyela namaseli ivumela amagciwane ngokuvamile ahlala esikhumbeni ukuba akhule ezinhlangeni ezivalekile futhi abangele ukuvuvukala—ukuvuvukala, ububomvu, ukushisa, nobuhlungu. Lapho udonga lwe-follicle evalekile lubhidlika, amagciwane, amangqamuzana esikhumba, ne-sebum adedelwa esikhumbeni esiseduze, enze ukugqashuka noma izinduna.

Kubantu abaningi, izinduna ziyanyamalala lapho beneminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala, kodwa kwabanye abantu abaneminyaka engamashumi amane namashumi amahlanu, le nkinga yesikhumba iyaqhubeka.

Ubani othola izinduna?

Izinduna zenzeka kubantu bazo zonke izinhlanga neminyaka, kodwa zivame kakhulu entsheni nasebancane abadala. Uma induna ibonakala ngesikhathi sokuthomba, ivame kakhulu emadodeni. Izinduna zingaqhubeka zize zibe ngabantu abadala, futhi uma ziba njalo, zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane.

Izinhlobo Zezinduna

Izinduna zibangela izinhlobo eziningana zezilonda noma izinduna. Odokotela babiza ama-comedones ezinwele ezikhulisiwe noma ezivaliwe. Izinhlobo zezinduna zihlanganisa:

• Amakhanda Amhlophe: Izinwele ezixhunyiwe ezihlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba bese zenza iqhubu elimhlophe.
• Ama-Blackheads: ama-blackheads: ama-follicle avaliwe afinyelela ebusweni besikhumba futhi avuleke. Esikhumbeni, zibukeka zimnyama ngoba umoya ukhipha i-sebum, hhayi ngoba zingcolile.
• Ama-Papules: Izilonda ezivuvukalayo ezivame ukubukeka njengamaqhubu amancane e-pink esikhumbeni futhi angase abe mnene uma ethintwa.
• Ama-pustules noma ama-pimples: ama-papules ambozwe ama-purulent amhlophe noma aphuzi angase abe bomvu esisekelweni.
• Amaqhuqhuva: Izilonda ezinkulu, ezibuhlungu, eziqinile ekujuleni kwesikhumba.
• Izinduna ezinkulu zamanodular (ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi i-cystic acne): Izilonda ezijulile, ezibuhlungu, ezigcwele ubomvu.

Izimbangela Zezinduna

Odokotela nabacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isici esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezilandelayo zingaholela ekukhuleni kwezinduna:

• Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile noma okuphezulu kwamafutha ezimbotsheni.
• Ukunqwabelana kwamaseli esikhumba afile ezimbotsheni.
• Ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya kuma-pores.

Izici ezilandelayo zingase zandise ingozi yakho yokuba nezinduna:

• IHormonal. Ukwanda kwamazinga e-androgens, amahomoni ocansi wesilisa, kungaholela emazingeni. Ayanda kubafana namantombazane, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokuthomba, futhi abangele ukuthi izindlala ze-sebaceous zikhule futhi zikhiqize i-sebum eyengeziwe. Izinguquko ze-hormonal ezihlobene nokukhulelwa nazo zingabangela induna. 
• Umlando womndeni. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ungase ube maningi amathuba okuba uthole induna uma abazali bakho benezinduna.
• Imithi. Imithi ethile, njengaleyo equkethe amahomoni, i-corticosteroids, ne-lithium, ingabangela izinduna.
• Ubudala. Izinduna zingenzeka kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kodwa zivame kakhulu entsheni.

 Okulandelayo akubangeli izinduna, kodwa kungase kukwenze kube kubi nakakhulu.

• Ukudla. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukudla ukudla okuthile kungakhubaza induna. Abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokutadisha indima yokudla njengembangela yezinduna.
• Ukuxineka.
• Ingcindezi evela kuzigqoko zezemidlalo, izingubo ezimpintshayo noma ojosaka.
• Izinto ezicasula imvelo njengokungcola kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
• Ukukhama noma ukukhetha izindawo.
• Ikhuhla kakhulu isikhumba.