i-scleroderma

Uhlolojikelele lwe-scleroderma

I-Scleroderma yisifo se-autoimmune connective tissue kanye nesifo samathambo esibangela ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba nezinye izindawo zomzimba. Lapho ukuzivikela komzimba kwenza izicubu zicabange ukuthi zonakalisiwe, kubangela ukuvuvukala futhi umzimba ukhiqize i-collagen eningi, okuholela ku-scleroderma. I-collagen eyengeziwe esikhumbeni nakwezinye izicubu kubangela amabala esikhumba esiqinile nesiqinile. I-Scleroderma ithinta amasistimu amaningi emzimbeni wakho. Izincazelo ezilandelayo zizokusiza uqonde kangcono ukuthi lesi sifo sithinta kanjani ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo.

• I-Connective tissue disease yisifo esithinta izicubu ezinjengesikhumba, imisipha, noqwanga. Izicubu ezixhumeneyo zisekela, zivikele, futhi zinikeze isakhiwo kwezinye izicubu nezitho.
• Izifo ze-autoimmune zenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba, ngokuvamile asiza ukuvikela umzimba ezifweni nasezifweni, ehlasela izicubu zawo.
• Izifo ze-Rheumatic zibhekisela eqenjini lezimo ezibonakala ngokuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu emisipha, amalunga noma izicubu ezine-fibrous.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-scleroderma:

• I-Localized scleroderma ithinta kuphela isikhumba nezakhiwo ngqo ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• I-Systemic scleroderma, ebizwa nangokuthi i-systemic sclerosis, ithinta izimiso eziningi zomzimba. Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-scleroderma olungalimaza imithambo yegazi nezitho zangaphakathi njengenhliziyo, amaphaphu nezinso.

Alikho ikhambi le-scleroderma. Umgomo wokwelashwa uwukukhulula izimpawu futhi umise ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile.

Kwenzekani nge-scleroderma?

Imbangela ye-scleroderma ayaziwa. Nokho, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni sisabela ngokweqile futhi sibangele ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwamangqamuzana agudle imithambo yegazi. Lokhu kubangela amangqamuzana ezicubu ezixhumeneyo, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-fibroblasts, ukuthi akhiqize i-collagen eningi namanye amaprotheni. Ama-Fibroblast aphila isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile, okwenza i-collagen yakheke esikhumbeni nakwezinye izitho, okuholela ezimpawini nezimpawu ze-scleroderma.

Ubani othola i-scleroderma?

Noma ubani angathola i-scleroderma; nokho, amanye amaqembu anengozi enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Izinto ezilandelayo zingase zibe nomthelela engozini yakho.

• Ucansi. I-Scleroderma ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa.
• Ubudala. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sivela phakathi kweminyaka engu-30 no-50 futhi sivame kakhulu kubantu abadala kunasezingane.
• Umjaho. I-Scleroderma ingathinta abantu bazo zonke izinhlanga nezinhlanga, kodwa lesi sifo singathinta kakhulu ama-Afrika aseMelika. Ngokwesibonelo: 
  • Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu base-Afrika baseMelika kunabase-Europe baseMelika.
  • Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika abane-scleroderma baqala lesi sifo ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu.
  • Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika bathambekele kakhulu ekubeni nezilonda zesikhumba nesifo samaphaphu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu.

Izinhlobo ze-scleroderma

• I-Localized scleroderma ithinta isikhumba nezicubu ezingaphansi futhi ngokuvamile iveza uhlobo olulodwa noma zombili zalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
  • Ama-patches e-Morpheus noma e-scleroderma, angaba uhhafu we-intshi noma ngaphezulu ububanzi.
  • I-Linear scleroderma yilapho ukuqina kwe-scleroderma kwenzeka emgqeni. Ivamise ukwendlala ingalo noma umlenze, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isakazeka ebunzini nasebusweni.
• I-Systemic scleroderma, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-systemic sclerosis, ithinta isikhumba, izicubu, imithambo yegazi nezitho ezinkulu. Odokotela bavame ukuhlukanisa i-systemic scleroderma ibe izinhlobo ezimbili:
  • I-limited cutaneous scleroderma ekhula kancane kancane futhi ithinte isikhumba seminwe, izandla, ubuso, izingalo, nemilenze ngaphansi kwamadolo.
  • Sabalalisa i-cutaneous scleroderma ekhula ngokushesha futhi eqala ngeminwe nezinzwane, kodwa bese idlulela ngale kwezindololwane namadolo iye emahlombe, umboko, nezinqulu. Lolu hlobo luvame ukuba nomonakalo omkhulu ezithweni zangaphakathi.  

Izimpawu ze-scleroderma

Izimpawu ze-scleroderma ziyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu kuye ngohlobo lwe-scleroderma.

I-Localized scleroderma ngokuvamile ibangela amabala esikhumba esiqinile, esiqinile kolunye lwezinhlobo ezimbili.

• I-Morphea ibangela ukujiya kweziqephu zesikhumba zibe iziqephu eziqinile ezimise okweqanda. Lezi zindawo zingase zibe nokubukeka okuphuzi, okunama-waxy okuzungezwe unqenqema olubomvu noma olulimele. Amabala angahlala endaweni eyodwa noma asabalale kwezinye izindawo zesikhumba. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile siyeka ukusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ungase ube namabala amnyama esikhumbeni. Abanye abantu baqala nokukhathala (ukuzwa ukukhathala).
• Ku-linear scleroderma, imigqa yesikhumba esijiyile noma esinemibala yehla engalweni, emlenzeni, futhi, kuyaqabukela, nasebunzini.

I-Systemic scleroderma, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-systemic sclerosis, ingakhula ngokushesha noma kancane kancane futhi ingabangela izinkinga hhayi esikhumbeni kuphela kodwa nasezithweni zangaphakathi. Abantu abaningi abanalolu hlobo lwe-scleroderma babhekana nokukhathala.

• I-Localized cutaneous scleroderma ikhula kancane kancane futhi ngokuvamile ithinta isikhumba eminweni, ezandleni, ebusweni, ezingalo, nasemilenzeni ngezansi kwamadolo. Kungase futhi kubangele izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi kanye nomminzo. Ifomu elilinganiselwe linokubandakanyeka kwe-visceral kodwa ngokuvamile lithambile kunefomu lokusabalalisa. Abantu abane- localized cutaneous scleroderma bavame ukuba nazo zonke noma ezinye zezimpawu, abanye odokotela abazibiza nge-CREST, okusho lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
  • I-Calcification, ukwakheka kwediphozithi ye-calcium ezicutshini ezixhumeneyo, ezingatholwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray.
  • I-Raynaud's phenomenon, isimo lapho imithambo yegazi emincane esezandleni noma ezinyaweni ifinyela ngenxa yokubanda noma ukukhathazeka, okubangela ukuthi iminwe nezinzwane zishintshe umbala (omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye/noma obomvu).
  • Ukungasebenzi kahle kommizo, okubhekisela ekungasebenzi kahle komminzo (ishubhu elixhuma umphimbo nesisu) okwenzeka lapho izicubu ezibushelelezi zomphimbo zilahlekelwa ukunyakaza kwazo okuvamile.
  • I-Sclerodactyly yisikhumba esiminyene futhi esiminyene eminweni ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-collagen eningi ezingxenyeni zesikhumba.
  • I-telangiectasia, isimo esibangelwa ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi emincane eyenza amachashaza amancane abomvu avele ezandleni nasebusweni.
• I-Diffuse cutaneous scleroderma ivela ngokuzumayo, ngokuvamile ngokujiya kwesikhumba eminweni noma ezinzwaneni. Ukuqina kwesikhumba bese kudlulela kuwo wonke umzimba ngaphezu kwezindololwane kanye/noma amadolo. Lolu hlobo lungalimaza izitho zakho zangaphakathi njenge:
  • Noma yikuphi ohlelweni lwakho lokugaya ukudla.
  • amaphaphu akho.
  • izinso zakho.
  • Inhliziyo yakho.

Nakuba i-CREST selokhu yabizwa ngokuthi yi-localized scleroderma, abantu abane-diffuse scleroderma bangase babe nezimpawu ze-CREST.

Izinkinga ze-scleroderma

Abacwaningi abayazi imbangela eqondile ye-scleroderma, kodwa basola ukuthi izici eziningana zingase zibe nomthelela kulesi simo:

• ukwakheka kofuzo. Izakhi zofuzo zingase zandise amathuba okuba abantu abathile babe ne-scleroderma futhi zibe nengxenye ekunqumeni uhlobo lwe-scleroderma abanalo. Awukwazi ukuthola isifo, futhi asidluliswa kusuka kumzali kuya enganeni njengezifo ezithile zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, amalungu omndeni aseduze abantu abane-scleroderma asengozini enkulu yokuba ne-scleroderma kunomphakathi jikelele.
• Imvelo. Abacwaningi basola ukuthi ukuchayeka ezicini ezithile zendawo ezungezile, njengamagciwane noma amakhemikhali, kungase kubangele i-scleroderma.
• Isistimu yamasosha omzimba iyashintsha. Ukungajwayelekile komzimba noma ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho kubangela izinguquko zamaselula ezibangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen eningi.
• IHormonal. Abesifazane bathola izinhlobo eziningi ze-scleroderma kaningi kunabesilisa. Abacwaningi basola ukuthi umehluko wamahomoni phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa ungase ube neqhaza kulesi sifo.