Incazelo yamaphupho - incazelo ngokusho kukaSigmund Freud

wayekholelwa ukuthi amaphupho ayizifiso ezifihliwe. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ukufunda amaphupho kuyindlela elula yokuqonda ukusebenza kwengqondo. Imibono yakhe iphakamisa ukuthi amaphupho akhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: okuqukethwe, okuyiphupho esilikhumbulayo lapho sivuka, nokuqukethwe okucashile, esingakukhumbuli kodwa okuhlala ezingqondweni zethu.

Ezinye izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zikholelwa ukuthi amaphupho awalutho ngaphandle komphumela wokusebenza kobuchopho okungahleliwe okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulala, kuyilapho abanye bethatha umbono wabantu abafana noCarl Jung, owaphikisa ngokuthi amaphupho angembula izifiso ezijulile zomuntu zokungazi lutho.

Ukuze Freud ngamunye ubuthongo bubalulekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bungase bubonakale bungenanjongo futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sikukhumbula kancane kangakanani.

USigmund Freud wayekholelwa kulokhu.

• i-stimuli: lapho umzimba uhlangabezana nezisusa zangempela zangaphandle ngesikhathi sokulala. Izibonelo ezimbalwa zingase zihlanganisa iwashi, iphunga elinamandla, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, noma ukulunywa omiyane. Ngokuvamile, lezi zisusa zezinzwa zingena emaphusheni futhi zibe yingxenye yokulandisa kwephupho.

• izigigaba ezibukwayo ezicatshangelwayo noma, njengoba uFreud ezibiza kanjalo, "imibono engelona iqiniso". Lezi yizithombe, ngokuvamile ezicacile futhi ezishintsha ngokushesha, ezingavela—kaningi kwabanye abantu—lapho belele.”
• imizwa ekhiqizwa izitho zangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokulala. UFreud uphakamise ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesikhuthazo lungasetshenziswa ukuthola nokuxilonga izifo. Ngokwesibonelo, “amaphupho abantu abanesifo senhliziyo ngokuvamile aba mafushane futhi aphela kabi lapho bevuka; okuqukethwe kwabo cishe njalo kufaka phakathi isimo esihlobene nokufa okunyantisayo.

• imicabango, izithakazelo, kanye nemisebenzi ehlobene nosuku lwangaphambi kokulala. UFreud wathi “abacwaningi bamaphupho abadala nabanamuhla babevumelana ngazwi linye enkolelweni yabo yokuthi abantu baphupha ngalokho abakwenzayo emini nokuthi yini abayithakaselayo lapho bephapheme.”

  UFreud wayekholelwa ukuthi amaphupho angafanekisela kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola izici ezivusayo eziwenza. Ngenxa yalokho, amaphupho angavela ngokungahleliwe futhi azimele ekuhlangenwe nakho kwethu okuqaphelayo, futhi, ngokusho kukaFreud, angasenza sikholelwe ukuthi amaphupho anesizathu esingaphezu kwemvelo.

ngemuva kwesihenqo sokulala kuhlale kukhona izakhi zomzimba nezokusebenza ezingavezwa ngezindlela ezifanele.

lala

Inhloso yokulala emibonweni kaFreud imi kanje. UFreud wabhala ukuthi amaphupho "awukugcwaliseka okufihliwe kwezifiso ezicindezelwe."

Ngokusho kukaFreud, inhloso eyinhloko yokulala "ukukhulula ukucindezela" kokwesaba okucindezelwe komphuphi kanye nezifiso. UFreud uphinde aveze ukuthi amaphupho agcwalisa izifiso awahlali ehle futhi angase abe "ukugcwaliseka kwezifiso"; wagcwalisa ukwesaba; ukuzindla; noma ukwenza kabusha izinkumbulo.:

Incazelo yamaphupho

Ukuhlaziya imithetho nezincazelo zamaphupho, uzothola ukuthi akunzima ukuqaphela izithombe nezenzo eziningi eziphawulekayo ezivela ephusheni. Nokho, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi incazelo kaFreud yokuqukethwe okucashile inobufakazi obuncane besayensi. kuncike kakhulu esikweni, ubulili kanye neminyaka. Imithelela yamasiko ethize kakhulu ingabonakala emibikweni evela eNtshonalanga Afrika yaseGhana, lapho abantu bevame ukuphupha ngokuhlaselwa kwezinkomo. Ngokufanayo, abantu baseMelika bavame ukuphupha emini ngokuba namahloni ngobunqunu basesidlangalaleni, nakuba imilayezo enjalo ingavamile ukuvela emasikweni lapho kuwumkhuba khona ukugqoka izingubo eziveza umzimba.