Ceres

Ukwenziwa konkulunkulu bamaRoma nonkulunkulu bamaGreki kuxube neLatin Ceres UDemeter futhi wanikeza owokuqala - umuntu waphezulu ongenamlando futhi ongenabuso - ngezigigaba nezici zobuntu zesibili. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu kuthuthukiswa kobuGreki kwasekuqaleni nokubanzi, lo nkulunkulukazi walondoloza izimpawu zakhe zokuqala zama-Italian ekukhulekeleni kwakhe. Kwenzenjani yena i-flamin inamathele, ifakazela ukuphakama kwayo kanye nesimilo sayo semvelo. Igama elithi Ceres lihlotshaniswa nezenzo creare и ukukhula , dala futhi ukhule: mhlawumbe, ngokuqondene neVenus, ukubaluleka kokungathathi hlangothi kwakudala, okubonisa ukukhipha (ukukhula), kudluliselwe kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokwenziwa samuntu kanye ne-deinization, okungenzeka i-epithet yesiphawulo sasendulo. kusuka Umhlaba, umhlaba ongumama, uCeres ayezohlukana nawo kancane kancane. 

Unkulunkulukazi wokukhula, wengamela inqubekelaphambili yomjikelezo wezitshalo, kodwa futhi nomkhaya wesintu (ngokomthetho okuthiwa uRomulus, indoda eyolahla umkakhe ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokukhipha isisu okwenziwa, ukuphinga noma ukwebiwa kwezihluthulelo ze-cellar - impahla yakhe izothathwa , ingxenye izokhokhwa kumkakhe, ingxenye kuCeres); unkulunkulukazi womhlaba, uhlotshaniswa nezwe labafileyo: umnyango wendawo engaphansi ( umhlaba ), evula kathathu ngonyaka ukuvumela imiphefumulo yabafileyo ukuba yehlele emhlabeni, ibizwa umhlaba Ceres; amagama amabili anomqondo ofanayo asho "uhlanya" indoda ephukelwe umkhumbi и i-cerritusncamashi lisho "haunted", "Ceres"; Ukufa emndenini kudinga umhlatshelo wengulube eCeres (owaziwa ngokuthi okwamanje ngoba umhlatshelo wenziwa phambi komufi), iphutha ekwenzeni umngcwabo isiko idinga umhlatshelo wengulube ebizwa ukuphuma (wahlatshwa ngaphambilini). Iyodwa noma ihlotshaniswa ne-Tellus, i-Ceres ivame ukukleliswa endaweni yokuqala emjikelezweni wemikhosi ephathelene nezitshalo noma ukutshalwa kwenhlabathi: Tellus and Ceres lectist December 13 (ukuphela kokuhlwanyela); iholidi lokuhamba Cementiua ekupheleni kukaJanuwari (ukuvikelwa emakhazeni ezinhlamvu kakade ezihlumile); Ephreli 19. 

I-Cerialia (kuthunyelwe ezinsukwini ezine kamuvaI-Fordicidia kaTellus; kuhlanganisa imikhuba yokuzala: ukunikela ngengulube, ukuphonsa amantongomane, ukukhulula izimpungushe, lapho ithoshi lifakwe khona esekisini); ukunikela kuCeres ekukhulekeleni ngasese phakathi nomkhosi osemthethweni Ama-Ambaruals (iholidi elihambahambayo ngoMeyi, lihambisana nomkhuba omuhle wokuvuthwa izindlebe: kuphawulwa ukuthi isisulu sizungezwe izikhathi ezintathu ngesikhathi sokuvuna esizayo); amaholide okuvuna angasese (okuhlanganisa umhlatshelo wengulube ukuphumangaphambi kokuvuna - umnikelo wolibo kuCeres). Ngokwesiko lemilando (njengomsolwa onjalo), umashiqela uPostumius ngo ~ 496, ngemuva kokushoda kukakolweni, wathembisa uCeres, ohlotshaniswa noLiber noLibera, ithempeli, empeleni wavulwa ngo ~ 493 yi-consul Cassius. Kusukela ngawo lowo nyaka, ngokusho kukaDionysius waseHalicarnassus, umthetho uzongcwelisa kuCeres impahla yanoma ngubani ohlasela umuntu ongcwele. i-plebeian tribune.. 

Ithempeli kanye nenkolo yalo kusukela ekuqaleni kubonakala kunokubaluleka kwezombangazwe: i-Ceres-Lieber-Lieber triad imelela onkulunkulu, amalungelo, amandla ama-plebeians ngaphambi kwe-triad yaseCapitoline, uJupiter-Juno-Minerva, onkulunkulu bomhlaba. patrician. UCeres wayezoba unkulunkulukazi ka-Annana, okhathazeke kakhulu ngokudla ukolweni kunokuwukhulisa, ngoba uhlobene kakhulu nezindawo zasemadolobheni kunezindawo zasemaphandleni (uma kusemthethweni ngempela ukwenza umehluko onjalo ezikhathini ezinkulu). I-Symmetry ne-patrician engcwele iphakamisa ukuthi umuntu unikeze uCeres abalingani ababili: omunye ukhetha uLieber no-Lieber, onkulunkulu bezitshalo abamalukeke, ngakho-ke basondelene kakhulu naye. Leli qembu lisebenza njengokusekela izinganekwane ze-Hellenized futhi lisiza ukutolika kuka-Demeter, u-Dionysus, i-Persephone, okungeyona neze eyokuqala.U-Pluto wagqama endimeni kaCeres noManes ngesikhathi sokutholwa Mundusa  ; December 21 umhlatshelo I-Hercules futhi Ceres kuhlanganisa izakhi Greek; Ukuhlangana noLiber kwazwakala, njengoba uDionysus angase achaze ukusebenza ngaphambili I-Cerialia kusukela ngomhlaka-12 kuya ku-18 Ephreli imidlalo yasesiteji de Cérès (imidlalo yaseshashalazini), abapristi nabahleli bayo okungama-plebeian aedile; Lieber-Dionysus futhi uhlanganyela emgubheni Ama-Ambaruals  ; uqondana nomkhosi wokuvuna, edolobheni крестец umgubho waminyaka yonke we-Ceres : ubumsulwa kanye nokuzithiba esinkwa newayini, umlindelo waseCeres, ukusesha nokuhlanganisa iProserpine kubonisa leli holide; Abapristikazi abangamaGreki banikeza ukukhulekela ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-flaminus noma i-aediles; kwezinye izimo ezibucayi, amasiko angavamile, njengentshumayelo ngo-217 ngemva kwe-Trasimeno, lapho ebonakala khona enkampanini ye-Mercury, iqinisekisa uhlamvu lwe-Hellenic olukhulayo lweCeres. 

Indima yezombangazwe yenkolo kaCeres-Lieber-Lieber yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi indawo engcwele yayinelungelo lokuphephela, abapristi ababehamba nalo lapho bephuma ethempelini: ama-plebeian tribunes ngokungangabazeki ayesemthonjeni. laba bangabapristi, futhi baligcina emlandweni wonke leli lungelo lokungaphulwa, elibavumela ukuba bathathe noma ubani ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwabo.edilis kusuka aedes , ithempeli: ekuqaleni zazixhunywe ethempelini laseCeres). Ithempeli elifanayo, ngokungangabazeki eliseduze ne-Aventine, inqaba yendabuko ye-plebeian, ngemva kokuqoqa amarekhodi e-plebeian (imibhalo yama-plebiscites, imithetho eyamukelwa ama-plebs), izoba phakathi kuka-~ 449 wayo yonke imibhalo yenani elingokomthetho.