U-Aquila (Ukhozi LwaseRoma)

Ekuqaleni amaRoma faka ezinye izinhlamvu phezulu kwezindinganiso zabo. Ngaphandle kokhozi, basebenzisa impisi , ihhashi , izingulube zasendle и inkunzi enekhanda lomuntu ... Nokho, ngemva kokwehlulwa okuyinhlekelele kweRoma eMpini yase-Arausio kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha okunamandla kwebutho lamaRoma nguGuy Marius ngo-104 BC. E. Bazishiya lezi ezinye izimpawu ( njengoba bebizwa kanjalo" signa manipuli » ), kusale “ukhozi” kuphela.

Ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ukhozi impi yacatshangelwa ukululazeka ngokwedlulele futhi amaRoma enza konke okusemandleni awo ukuze awabuyise. Esinye isigameko esinjalo senzeka ngo-53 BC, lapho ibutho lamaRoma likaCrassus linqotshwa amaParthian. impi yaseCarrah ... AmaRoma athotshiswa kabili: amabhanela amaningana amasosha athunjwa, futhi avela kuCrassus, indoda ehahayo ngokwemvelo, igolide elibunjiweyo lageleza .

U-August wagcina ebuyise izinga ngokumemezela umsebenzi wakhe esifanekisweni esikhona manje iminyuziyamu yaseVatican ... Kodwa nakuba inkulumo-ze yakhe yayichaza ukululama kwabo njengohlobo oluthile lokunqoba kwezempi, empeleni kwadingeka athumele ujenene wakhe ongcono kakhulu, uTiberiyu, ukuba anxuse amaPharathi ukuba abuye.

Futhi lena kwakungewona ukuphela komzamo ka-Augustus wokubuyisela amabhanela alahlekile okhozi. Ngemva kokunqotshwa kabuhlungu kweRoma ezizweni zamaJalimane impi yaseTeutoburg Forest ngo-AD 9, u-Augustus nabamlandelayo bazingela amashumi eminyaka base belahlekelwa izindinganiso zabo. Lesi sakamuva satholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaKlawudiyu ngo-41 AD futhi cishe sabekwa eThempelini likaMars uMphindiseli ngo. August Forum .

Ukhozi lwaqhubeka nokusebenza njengophawu lwebutho lamaRoma ngisho nangemva kokufika kobuKristu njengenkolo esemthethweni ngekhulu lesi-4 AD. ithempeli likaConstantine - umbusi owamukela ubuKristu njengenkolo yakhe yombuso - wethula izibonelo ezinjalo enqolobaneni yakhe eseningizimu (uhlangothi olubona phambi kwakhe I-Colosseum  noma iColosseum Belvedere ).

Ngokufanayo, ngekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho inhloko-dolobha yombuso kudala isuka eRoma entshonalanga iya eConstantinople empumalanga, uMbusi u-Isaac I Kommenos wamukela. ukhozi olunamakhanda amabili njengophawu : emele isiRoman ukubusa imibuso eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga .