Impisi

Imithombo yasendulo ikhuluma ngezithombe ezimbili zethusi ze-she-wolf, eyodwa eLupercal, okukhulunywe ngayo ngo-295 lapho abakhi ababili baka-Olgunia benezela amawele amabili kuye, kanti enye eCapitol, lapho uCicero abika khona ukuthi impisi yashaywa. ngombani ngo 65 BC.... futhi ayikaze ilungiswe kusukela lapho. I-bronze she-wolf, manje eseCapitoline Museums, kubonakala sengathi yadalwa phakathi kwekhulu le-10 nele-14, hhayi inkathi yase-Etruscan yekhulu lesi-5. noma ikhulu lesi-3 BC, njengoba kwakukholelwa.

Kodwa kwabanye, impisi ingeyekhulu lesi-4. kanye namawele ekhulwini leshumi nane. Uma simbhekisisa, kusukela ekumeni, ukungezwani kwemisipha okugcizelelwe kanye nemininingwane yezinwele ezibonakala zifekethisiwe, ake sithi ufana kakhulu nezisebenzi ezinhle zase-Etruscan, ezazibaningi eRoma.

I-Capitoline ngekhulu le-10, kunjalo. yayiboshelwe ku-façade noma ngaphakathi kweSigodlo saseLateran: ngekhulu le-XNUMX iChronicon yaseBenedetto da Sorakte, lapho indela ichaza ukusungulwa kwenkantolo ephakeme yezobulungiswa " esigodlweni saseLateran, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi .... unina wamaRoma. "Izilingo nokubulawa" impisi "eyabhalwa ngaphambi kuka-1450

... Lesi sithombe sadlula ngo-1471 esontweni laseSan Teodoro, sabe sesidluliselwa nguSixtus IV della Rovere “kubantu baseRoma” futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi besiseCapitoline Museums, eLoup Hall.

Lo mfanekiso ubonisa impisi enakekela amawele amancane, uRomulus noRemus, engezwe ngekhulu le-15, okungenzeka ukuthi ngu-Antonio del Pollaiolo. Embhalweni oqoshiwe othi Mirabilia Urbis Romae (Roma, 1499), usevele ebonakala enamawele amabili.

Egqumeni lasePalatine, ngesikhathi sokuvubukula, kwatholakala cishe amamitha angu-15 ukusuka esisekelweni seVilla Augusta. луперкаль , isakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba esakhiwe ngesikhathi samaRoma.

Lesi sakhiwo singakhonjwa kanye nomhume wendawo engcwele lapho impisi eyinganekwane yayincelisa izingane ezimbili ezidumile zaseMars kanye noRi Sylvia.

«Impisi yase-Etruria yayimelela unkulunkulu wendawo engaphansi, u-Aitu, kuyilapho impisi nayo yayiwuphawu lukankulunkulu ohlanzayo nokuvundisa uSoran, lowo amaSabine ayemhlonipha eNtabeni iSoratta. Kodwa phakathi kwabesifazane bakaSabine, impisi yayiyisilwane esingcwele seMamers, esifana nonkulunkulu wamaRoma uMars, lowo, ngokusho kwenganekwane, wayenguyise wamawele, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu impisi yayinemfanelo kaMarcia. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilwane umvikeli Latins kwaba Luperco, kusukela Sabine elithi hirpus, okusho "impisi", ngakho-ke, njengoba uvele njengempisi, isilwane kungaba Luperk, unkulunkulu abelusi kanye nomvikeli umhlambi kusukela izimpisi. , egameni lakhe amaholide ayegujwa ngo-dei Lupercalia ngoFebhuwari 15. «

Basho-ke, kodwa empeleni insikazi eyayincelisa kwakunguMvelinqangi, kunzima ukucabanga ngoNkulunkulu oncelisayo. Unkulunkulukazi wempisi.kwakungunkulunkulu wasendulo wemvelo, uMama Omkhulu, obapristikazi bakhe, egameni lokuzala kukaNkulunkulukazi, bathi i-hierodule , noma ubufebe obungcwele, eduze kwamachibi entaba-mlilo aseCastelli Romani.

Eqinisweni, eNemi benza isiko lokugeza elingcwele minyaka yonke elalibaphoqa ukuthi babuyele ezintwenimbi zabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu basendulo babesebenzisa leli gama Virgo yayingasho owesifazane ongenakwenzeka, kodwa lowo onamandla futhi ongeyena kuvumela ukuzithoba, eqinisweni, igama elithi “intombi emsulwa” lalisetshenziselwa illibata.

Kunkulunkulukazi uLupa futhi kuvela igama Indlu yezifebe , noma indawo yezifebe, ngevesi elimayelana nempisi yezifebe eheha abantu abadlulayo, ifa le-hierodulia eqediwe, eyaphenduka yaba ubufebe bezwe.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, abapristikazi babekhala enyangeni egameni likaZiqu-zintathu. Phambilini, uLuperkali bezinikezelwe kunkulunkulukazi uLupe, kwathi lapho kufika inzalamizi yaseLupe, uLuperco waba.

Isiqephu sokuhlasela kwempisi, esatshelwa okokuqala ngekhulu lesithathu BC isazi-mlando esingumGreki uDiocles Pepareto futhi, ngemva kwakhe, umbhali waseRoma uQuinto Fabio Pittore, sibonisa ukuthi ngaphandle kweNkathi Yethusi yempisi, iSacra. ULupa wayekhona njengonkulunkulu.

Nokho, impisikazi yehlela kithi, inqoba ukuhlasela okunonya nokunganakwa kwenkathi ephakathi, ngisho noma umbani wamshaya ngo-65 BC, wabhubhisa amawele amabili.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, yabekwa eLateran, ngaphandle kwaseTorre degli Annibaldi, esisekelweni setshe esisekelwe ama-grappas abethelwe odongeni, kwaze kwaba yilapho uSixtus IV, ebheka njengobuqaba, wanikela ngayo kuma-Conservatives ngezimbali eziyi-10 zegolide ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha amawele amabili.

Eqinisweni, baphonswa ngu-Antonio Pollaiolo ngo-1473, futhi uLupa wahlala ngaphansi kompheme wePalazzo dei Conservatory kwaze kwaba ngu-1538, lapho ithuthelwa kukholoni ehlobisa isitezi sokuqala phakathi nendawo.

Ekugcineni, ngo-1586, yafakwa esisekelweni esimaphakathi negumbi okuthiwa i-della Lupa, lapho isesekhona nanamuhla. Enye isegumbini lePalazzo di Montecitorio, kanti enye isendaweni evulekile, kukholamu ngakwesokunxele sePalazzo Senatorio eCampidoglio.

Ngokusekelwe kunqubo yokulingisa, kuthiwa impisi yayingenkathi ephakathi, empeleni yenziwa ibe yisiqephu esisodwa, kuyilapho ezikhathini zasendulo izithombe eziqoshiwe zazincibilikiswa zibe izingxenye ezihlukene bese zihlanganiswa, kodwa futhi kukhona ukulingwa okukhulu okuqinile njenge I-Riace yethusi. Idethi yakamuva kakhulu yakhethwa ngokuyinhloko ngoba ayinembile futhi ayithinteki kabusha njengezithombe zasendulo, kodwa konke lokhu kungabonakala ngoba abavubukuli abavelele abanjengoCalandrini bathi kufana kakhulu nokuphonsa kwe-Etruscan, ngisho nengxenye evela ku-alloy. . ...

E-Etruria, umlando wokuncelisa impisi noma ibhubesikazi ubhalwe okungenani kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC ngokusebenzisa itshe elidumile lokungcwaba lase-Bologna.

ERoma, ngaphandle kwesibuko sase-Dornestine sase-Bolsena, imifanekiso emidala kakhulu ayisahlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesithathu BC, ngaphandle kwempisi yaseCapitoline.

Ithusi lasendulo, elinamawele anezelwa kamuva, laba umsebenzi wobuciko obukhulu, ukubaluleka kwawo komphakathi nokungcwele okungalandelelwa kuphela enganekwaneni eyasungulwa.

Isithombe sagcinwa emhumeni waseLupercal, uDionysius waseHalicarnassus ngekhulu lokuqala AD. I-dc ikhumbula umlingiswa omdala kakhulu, yasinda ngemva komsebenzi owenziwa enkathini ka-Augustus, okungenani kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lesihlanu AD, lapho, ngemva kwemibhikisho kaPapa Gelasius I (492-496), umkhosi kaLupercalia ukhanseliwe futhi esikhundleni somkhosi wokuhlanjululwa kweNtombi...

лиано - Imvelo yezilwane

«Ngakho bathi uLatona, esezale loNkulunkulu, waphenduka waba impisi ; ngakho-ke uHomer, ekhuluma ngo-Apollo, usebenzisa inkulumo ethi "umcibisholo odumile, ozalwa yimpisi." Futhi lokhu kuchaza nokuthi kungani, ngokwazi kwami, kunesithombe sethusi sempisi eDelphi, esukela ekuzalweni kukaLatona. «

Kusenza sicabange ngonkulunkulukazi wasendulo uLupe.

Akufanele sikhohlwe, njengoba uPolybius esitshela, lokho ama-velites , amasosha aseRoma ahamba ngezinyawo, ayegqoke izikhumba zempisi phezu kwezigqoko zawo, ingxenye enkulu ebhekisela esivini sokulwa sesizwe, lapho umoya wempisi wawuvuselela umlwi.

Abapristi bakaSally e-Ides ka-March bathwala izihlangu ze-nymph Egeria, kamuva eyaba izihlangu zaseMars, emigwaqweni yaseRoma, bembethe. ezikhumbani zezimpisi ... Isici esiphawulekayo sobunzalamizi kwaba ukususwa, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele, kwezingubo "ezinobudlova" zezithixo zesifazane, zinikeze onkulunkulu besilisa kuphela, kuyilapho abantu basendulo kakhulu bebona imvelo nonkulunkulu abaphuma kulokhu, okubhubhisayo nokudala, kodwa. hhayi ukucekela phansi. ngobubi, kodwa ngenxa yemvelo yabo, njengemvelo ngokwayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izihlangu zasuka e-Egeria zaya ku-Mars, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu i-Mars isivele inguNkulunkulu wezivande, futhi iqhawe laphinde laba iqhawe elisheshayo futhi yilokho.

IMITHETHO YOMTHETHO WAMABUTHO NGEKHULU LESI-IV BC