Diamond izakhiwo kanye nobuhle

Amadayimane avela embusweni wamaNdiya okuthiwa uMufili. Ngemva kwenkathi yezimvula, amanzi avela ezintabeni aziyisa ezigodini ezijulile. Lezi zindawo eziswakeme nezifudumele zigcwele izinyoka ezinobuthi futhi ukuba khona kwazo okwesabekayo kuvikela le ngcebo emangalisayo. Amadoda agcwele inkanuko ajikijela izingcezu zenyama phansi, amadayimane anamathele kuwo, nokhozi olumhlophe luphuthuma kulezi zilwane. Izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama ziyabanjwa futhi zibulawe, inyama namadayimane akhishwe ezinzipho noma eziswini zazo.

UMarco Polo uchaza lesi sigameko esinelukuluku ezindabeni zakhe zokuhamba. Lena inganekwane endala eyaba khona kudala ngaphambi kwakhe, kodwa ifakazela ukuxhashazwa kokhokho kwe-alluvial deposits e-Golconda, umbuso wasendulo waseNdiya engaqondakali ...

Izici ze-mineralogical zedayimane

Idayimane liyinto yomdabu efanayo neyegolide noma isiliva. Ingxenye eyodwa kuphela ehilelekile ekwakhekeni kwayo: ikhabhoni. Ingokwesigaba sezinto ezingezona izinsimbi zomdabu ezine-graphite (nayo eyakhiwe ngekhabhoni kodwa enesakhiwo esihlukile) nesibabule.

Itholakala emadwaleni nasezihlabathini ze-alluvial. Imithombo yamadwala ayo ama-lamproite futhi ikakhulukazi ama-kimberlite. Leli dwala elingavamile lentaba-mlilo, elibizwa nangokuthi "umhlaba oluhlaza", elakhiwe ekugcineni kweCretaceous. Iqanjwe ngedolobha laseKimberley eNingizimu Afrika. Icebile kakhulu ku-mica ne-chromium, ingase futhi iqukethe ama-garnet nama-serpentines.

Amadayimane akhiwa endaweni engaphezulu yomhlaba ekujuleni okukhulu, okungenani okungamakhilomitha ayi-150. Bahlala lapho izigidi zeminyaka. ngaphambi kokukhishwa koshimula, ababizwa ngokuthi oshimula noma ama-diatreme, wezintaba-mlilo ezesabekayo ze-kimberlite. Ukuqhuma kokugcina okumangalisayo kwalolu hlobo kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-60.

Amadayimane aqukethwe ku-alluvium athuthwa ngamanzi, ngaphandle kokushintsha ngenxa yokuqina kwawo, ibanga elide. Angatholakala ezindaweni zamachweba nangaphansi kolwandle.

Ukukhula okuhamba kancane nokuqinile kwama-athomu ekhabhoni kuthanda amakristalu akheke kahle, ngokuvamile i-octahedral. (i-athomu emaphakathi kanye namanye amaphuzu ayi-6 kwakha ubuso obuyisi-8). Kwesinye isikhathi sithola izibalo ezinamaphoyinti ayi-8 noma ayi-12. Kukhona futhi izimo ezingavamile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-granuloforms, amakristalu amakhulu angavamile anesisindo esingaphezu kuka-300 carats cishe ahlala elolu hlobo. Amadayimane amaningi aweqi amakharati ayi-10.

Ubulukhuni bedayimane kanye nokuqina

Idayimane iyimaminerali enzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Isazi sezimbiwa saseJalimane uFrederick Moos wakuthatha njengesisekelo ngenkathi edala isikali sakhe sokuqina kwamaminerali ngo-1812. Ngakho ulibeka endaweni yeshumi kweziyishumi. Idayimane liklwebha ingilazi ne-quartz, kodwa elinye idayimane kuphela elingakwazi ukuyiklwebha.

Idayimane liqinile kodwa liyaphuka ngokwemvelo. I-cleavage yayo, okungukuthi, ukuhlelwa kwezingqimba zama-molecule ayo, kungokwemvelo. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukudabuka okuhlanzekile kuma-engeli athile. Umthungi, ngokunembile, i-billhook, uyabuka futhi asebenzise lesi simo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okwakhiqiza idayimane kubangela ukuhlukana okushelela kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kudala ukuhlukana okungokwemvelo.

ukusika kwedayimane

Amadayimane asikiwe ngokwemvelo kuthiwa "anamaphuzu angenangqondo"., siyabiza" onomqondo ophusile » Amadayimane amabi anokubukeka okupholishiwe.

Idayimane livamise ukumbozwa ngoqweqwe olumpunga, oluvame ukubizwa ngalo amatshe » (itshe elincane ngesiPutukezi). Ngemva kokususwa kwalokhu kungcola, usayizi wembula konke ukucaca nokukhazimula kwetshe. Kuwubuciko obucashile nomsebenzi wokubekezela. Umsiki ngokuvamile kufanele akhethe phakathi kokusikwa okulula, okugcina isisindo sedayimane elibi, noma ukusika okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okungasusa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamatshe okuqala.

Kunenombolo enkulu yamafomu anobukhulu, aqanjwe futhi ahlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile. Ukusikwa okudume kakhulu njengamanje i-Brilliant Round. lapho ukukhanya kudlala ngokumangalisayo ezingxenyeni ezingu-57 zedayimane. Lona ongaphezulu kwesokunxele esithombeni esingenhla (“год" ngesiNgisi).

diamond imibala

Amadayimane anombala avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amadayimane "amafancy". Esikhathini esidlule, umbala wawuvame ukubhekwa njengesici, idayimane kufanele ibe mhlophe noma ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Babe sebemukelwa ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi “baphelele futhi baqinile”. Akufanele kuthinte ukucwazimula, ukucwazimula kanye namanzi (ukucaca) kwedayimane. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, izindleko zedayimane elinemibala yemvelo zingadlula izindleko zedayimane "elimhlophe".

Umbala osuvele ugqamile esimweni sawo esimangelengele kungenzeka ukuthi udlulisele ukucwazimula okuhle kwidayimane elinemibala. Amadayimane awolintshi kanye nansomi ayivelakancane, eminye imibala: eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, omnyama, opinki, obomvu nohlaza nawo ayadingeka, futhi kunezibonelo ezidume kakhulu. Isazi sezimayini uRené Just Gahuy (1743-1822) wabiza amadayimane anemibala ngokuthi "anemibala". i-mineral Kingdom orchids ". Lezi zimbali zazingavamile kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi kunanamuhla!

Wonke amadayimane athintwe amachashazi amancane abomvu, ama-graphite inclusions noma ezinye iziphambeko, ezibizwa ngokuthi "gendarmes", ziyanqatshwa kubucwebe. Amadayimane anemibala engathandeki (ophuzi, ansundu), ngokuvamile a-opaque, nawo ayahlolwa. Lawa matshe, abizwa ngokuthi amadayimane emvelo, asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nokusika ingilazi.

Ukushintsha umbala kungenzeka ngokufaka imisebe noma ukwelashwa ngokushisa. Lona umkhonyovu okunzima ukuwubona futhi ovamile.

Izindawo ezinkulu zesimanje zokumba idayimane

I-65% yomkhiqizo womhlaba isemazweni ase-Afrika:

• Afrique du Sud :

Ngo-1867, osebeni lomfula i-Orange, amadayimane atholakala ku-kimberlite eguquliwe ebizwa ngokuthi "i-yellow earth". Khona-ke izimayini ezijulile nezijulile zaxhashazwa kakhulu. Namuhla, amadiphozithi acishe aphele.

• I-Angola, Ikhwalithi enhle.
• IBotswana, ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
• I-Ivory Coast, izimayini zezandla.
• IGhana, amadiphozithi wendawo.
• Гвинея, amakristalu amahle avame ukuba mhlophe noma amhlophe-ophuzi.
• ELesotho, i-alluvial deposits, ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi yezandla.
• Либерия, ikakhulukazi amadayimane ekhwalithi yezimboni.
• ENamibia, i-alluvial gravel evela e-Orange River, ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
• ECentral African Republic, amadiphozithi wendawo.
• IDemocratic Republic of the Congo, ikhwalithi enhle, ngokuvamile ephuzi.
• ISele leone, amakristalu amahle anosayizi omuhle.
• ETanzania, amakristalu amancane, ngezinye izikhathi amakristalu anemibala kanye nezimboni.

Kukhona ezinye izindawo zokukhishwa:

• Австралия, Izimayini ze-Argyle: umgodi ovulekile omkhulu, amadayimane aphinki.
• Brazil, amadiphozithi wendawo. Ikakhulukazi, ezikhungweni zezimayini ze-Diamantino eMalto Grosso (ngokuvamile amadayimane anemibala) kanye ne-Diamantina e-Minas Gerais (amakristalu amancane, kodwa ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu).
• Канада, isandiso.
• China, ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu, kodwa namanje ukukhiqizwa kwezandla
• ERussia, amadayimane amahle, amakhaza enza ukukhiqiza kube nzima.
• Венесуэла, amakristalu amancane, amagugu kanye nekhwalithi yezimboni.

La Finland izwe elikhiqizayo kuphela e-European Union (inani elincane).

I-Etymology yegama elithi "diamond".

Ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo obudlulele, ibizwa ngokuthi I-Adamas incazelo ngesiGreki: engenakunqotshwa, engenakunqotshwa. Abantu baseMpumalanga bayayibiza u-almas. Umazibuthe nawo ubhaliwe I-Adamas ngabanye ababhali basendulo, yingakho ukudideka okuthile. Igama elithi "adamantine" ngesiFulentshi lisho ukukhazimula kwedayimane, noma into eqathaniswa nalo.

Asazi ukuthi kungani i-rhombus ilahlekelwe isiqalo esingu-a, okuthi ngesiGreki nesiLatini singumlindisango. Ukuyisusa, sithola inani eliphambene nelokuqala, okungukuthi: i-tameable. Kumelwe ibe nenkani, noma idayimane, noma mhlawumbe idayimane.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, idayimane labhalwa ngezindlela ezahlukene: idayimane, endiza, idayimane, idamanz, idayimane. Ngaphambi kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, amadayimane ayevame ukulahlekelwa "t" wokugcina ngobuningi: amadayimane. Ezincwadini zasendulo, idayimane ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi wakwenza okusho ukuthi "ngaphandle kwamaphupho amabi" ngenxa yokufaneleka kwawo ku-lithotherapy.

Diamond Through History

Ukusebenza kwayo kwangempela kuqala eNdiya (kanye naseBorneo) cishe ngo-800 BC. futhi yaqhubeka lapho kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lama-20. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunezimayini ze-15 embusweni waseGolconda kanye ne-XNUMX embusweni waseVisapur. Amadayimane avela eBrazil, ingcebo yasePortugal, athathe indawo yawo kusukela ngo-1720. futhi izokwanda kakhulu kuze kube yilapho isongela amanani emakethe. Kwathi ngo-1867 amadayimane aqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika. Ngo-1888, usomabhizinisi waseBrithani u-Cecil Rhodes wasungula inkampani ye-De Beers lapha, empeleni, i-monopolist ekuxhashazweni kwedayimane.

Idayimane emandulo

Kweyakhe » Isivumelwano Samagugu Ayishumi Nambili “, uMbhishobhi oNgcwele u-Epiphanes waseSalamis, owazalelwa ePalestine ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD, uchaza isivikelo sesifuba sompristi omkhulu u-Aroni, esicashunwe encwadini ka-Eksodusi yeTestamente Elidala: phakathi nemikhosi emikhulu emithathu yonyaka, u-Aroni ungena endlini engcwele. enedayimane esifubeni sakhe”, Umbala wayo ufana nombala womoya ". Itshe lishintsha umbala ngokwezibikezelo.

Umnyuziyamu waseBrithani eLondon unomfanekiso wethusi wamaGreki wangonyaka wama-480 BC, wowesifazane ogqoke kahle futhi ohlotshiswe kahle ngama-braids nama-curls. Inhlamvu zamehlo akhe zingamadayimane anolaka.

« I-Adamas yaziwa kuphela enanini elincane kakhulu lamakhosi. U-Pliny Omdala wabhala ngekhulu lokuqala AD. Ibala izinhlobo eziyisithupha zamadayimane, kuhlanganise neyodwa engenkulu kunembewu yekhukhamba. Ngokusho kwakhe, idayimane elihle kunawo wonke amaNdiya, wonke amanye ambiwa ezimayini zegolide. Lezi zimayini zegolide zingabhekisa e-Ethiopia. Bese kuba, yebo, kuphela ukuma. Amadayimane asendulo avela eNdiya ngoLwandle Olubomvu.

U-Pliny ugcizelela ukuthi idayimane imelana nomlilo nensimbi. Njengoba eselahlekelwe yiso sonke isilinganiso, uphakamisa ukuwashaya ngezando ku-anvil ukuze ahlole ubuqiniso bawo, futhi awacwilise egazini lembuzi elifudumele ukuze athambe!

Ngenxa yokungatholakali kwalo, kanye nokuqina kwalo, idayimane aliyona ubucwebe obusemfashinini. Izimfanelo zayo ezikhethekile zisetshenziselwa ukusika nokuqopha amatshe athambile. Embozwe ngensimbi, amadayimane aba amathuluzi afanelekile. Impucuko yamaGreki, amaRoma kanye ne-Etruscan isebenzisa le nqubo, kodwa abaseGibhithe abayazi.

Idayimane ngeNkathi Ephakathi

Ubukhulu buthuthukisiwe nakakhulu, futhi ubuhle betshe buhlala bukhula. Amarubi nama-emerald akhanga kakhulu kunamadayimane, futhi ukusika kwe-cabochon okulula kwanele kulawa matshe anemibala. Kodwa-ke, u-Charlemagne uvala umfaniswano wakhe wombuso nge-clasp eyenziwe ngedayimane elibi. Kamuva emibhalweni, kukhulunywa ngabantu abambalwa basebukhosini abangabanikazi bedayimane: uSaint-Louis, uCharles V, intandokazi kaCharles VII, u-Agnès Sorel.

Iresiphi kaPliny yokuthambisa ihlale inconywa futhi ithuthukiswa:

Imbuzi, okungcono kakhulu emhlophe, kufanele iqale idliwe nge-parsley noma i-ivy. Uzophuza newayini elimnandi. Khona-ke kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesilo esimpofu: siyabulawa, igazi nenyama yakhe kuyashiswa, futhi idayimane lithelwa kule ngxube. Umphumela wokuthambisa ungowesikhashana, ubulukhuni betshe bubuyiselwa ngemva kwesikhashana.

Kukhona ezinye izindlela ezingenalo igazi elincane: idayimane eliphonswe kumthofu oshisayo noncibilikile liyahlakazeka. Ingaphinde icwiliswe engxubeni yamafutha omnqumo nensipho futhi iphuma ithambile futhi ibushelelezi kunengilazi.

Ubuhle bendabuko bedayimane

I-Herbalism kanye ne-lithotherapy yathatha indawo ebalulekile ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ulwazi lwamaGreki namaRoma lugcinwa ngokungeza umthamo owengeziwe womlingo. UMbhishobhi Marbaud ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX futhi kamuva uJean de Mandeville usitshela ngezinzuzo eziningi ezilethwa idayimane:

Inikeza ukunqoba futhi yenza ogqokile aqine kakhulu ngokumelene nezitha, ikakhulukazi uma egqoke ohlangothini lwesobunxele (sinistrium). Ivikela ngokugcwele izitho namathambo omzimba. Iphinde ivikele nokusangana, izingxabano, izipoki, ubuthi noshevu, amaphupho amabi kanye nesiyaluyalu samaphupho. Uphula imilingo neziphonso. Uphilisa abahlanyayo nabadalwe usathane. Uwesabisa ngisho namadimoni aphenduka amadoda alale nabesifazane. Ngamafuphi, "uhlobisa yonke into."

Idayimane elinikeziwe linamandla nokufaneleka okwengeziwe kunedayimane elithengiwe. Lezo ezinezinhlangothi ezine ziyivelakancane, ngakho-ke zibiza kakhulu, kodwa azinawo amandla angaphezu kwamanye. Ngenxa yalokho, Isithunzi sedayimane asikho esimweni salo noma ngobukhulu, kodwa empeleni, esimweni salo esiyimfihlo. Le mfundiso ivela ezihlakaniphi ezinkulu zezwe i-Imde (India)" lapho amanzi ehlangana khona bese ephenduka ikristalu .

Idayimane ku-Renaissance

Inkolelo yokuthi idayimane imelana nensimbi nomlilo iqinile. Ngakho-ke, phakathi neMpi YaseMoras ngo-1474, amaSwitzerland agawula ngezimbazo amadayimane atholakala etendeni likaCharles the Bold ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi ayengokoqobo.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, umcwebi wezinto eziyigugu wase-Liège, u-Louis de Berken noma u-Van Berkem ungathola ngephutha indlela yokuwenza acwebezele ngokuwahlikihla ndawonye. Indlela yosayizi izobe isithuthuka ngenxa yakhe. Le ndaba ayibonakali inengqondo ngoba asiyitholi imikhondo yalo mlingiswa.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, nokho, kubuyela emuva kule nkathi futhi mhlawumbe kuvela enyakatho, lapho ukuhweba ngamagugu kuchuma khona. Sifunda ukuqopha ngobumnene imiphetho embalwa evamile : esihlangu, ku-chamfer, endaweni ngisho nase-rose (enamaphethelo, kodwa ngephansi eliyisicaba, elihlale laziswa namuhla).

Idayimane livame kakhulu ezinhlwini zamakhosana. U-Agnes wencwadi ka-Savoy eyabhalwa ngo-1493 uthi: indandatho ye-cloverleaf ene-emerald enkulu, ipuleti ledayimane ne-ruby ​​cabochon .

I-anecdote edumile, ngokusho kukaFrançois engingathanda ukusebenzisa idayimane lendandatho yakhe ukuze abhale amagama ambalwa efasiteleni le-Château de Chambord, kubikwa umlobi nomlobi wezindaba uBranthom. Uthi unogada omdala wenqaba wamyisa efasiteleni elidumile, wathi kuye: " Nakhu, funda lokhu, uma ungasibonanga isandla seNkosi, nkosi yami, nansi... »

U-Brantome ube esecabanga ngombhalo ocacile oqoshwe ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu:

“Kukaningi umuntu wesifazane eshintsha, exakile, ubani othembele kuye. »

Inkosi, naphezu kwesimo sayo sokujabula, kumelwe ukuba yayisesimweni esidabukile ngalolo suku!

Idayimane ngekhulu le-17

UJean-Baptiste Tavernier, owazalwa ngo-1605, uyindodana yesazi sokuma kwezwe samaProthestani esivela e-Antwerp. Lona, oshushiswa ezweni lakubo, uhlala eParis ngesikhathi sokubekezelelana. Ehlatshwe umxhwele izindaba zokuhamba zikayise namamephu angaqondakali kusukela ebuntwaneni, waba isihambi nomthengisi wezinto eziyigugu ezinepenchant yamadayimane. Mhlawumbe ungowokuqala ukuthi: "Idayimane liyigugu kunawo wonke amatshe."

Enkonzweni yoMbusi wase-Orleans, waya eNdiya izikhathi eziyisithupha:

Ukwesaba ingozi akuzange kungiphoqe ukuba ngihlehle, ngisho nesithombe esibi esasivezwa yilezi zimayini asizange singethuse. Ngakho ngaya ezimayini ezine kanye nomunye wemifula emibili okumbiwa kuyo idayimane, futhi angitholanga lobu bunzima kanye nalobu bulwane obuchazwa abanye abangenalwazi.

U-J. B. Tavernier ubhala izikhumbuzo zakhe futhi ngaleyo ndlela wenza umnikelo omkhulu olwazini lwaseMpumalanga namadayimane. Uchaza indawo egcwele amadwala nezihlahlana, enenhlabathi eyisihlabathi, okukhumbuza ihlathi laseFontainebleau. Uphinde abike izigcawu ezimangalisayo:

• Izisebenzi, zinqunu ngokuphelele ukuze zigweme ukweba, zeba amatshe athile ngokuwagwinya.
• Omunye "ompofu" unamathisele idayimane elingu-2-carat ekhoneni leso lakhe.
• Izingane ezineminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15, ezinesipiliyoni namaqhinga, zihlela ukuze kuzuze zona ukuhweba okuphakathi phakathi kwabakhiqizi namakhasimende akwamanye amazwe.
• AbaseMpumalanga bayawazisa amadayimane abo ngokubeka isibani sikawoyela esinentambo eqinile embotsheni eyisikwele odongeni, babuya ebusuku futhi bahlole amatshe abo ngalokhu kukhanya.

Ukuphela kokuphila kwalomhambi ongakhathali kwaphazanyiswa ukuchithwa kwe-Edict of Nantes, wasuka eFrance ngo-1684 ukuze afele eMoscow eminyakeni embalwa kamuva.

Idayimane ngekhulu le-18

Ukusha kwedayimane

U-Isaac Newton, indoda enesizungu nesolisayo, wayenenja encane ebizwa ngokuthi i-Diamond kuphela. Ingabe wamnika umbono wokuba nesithakazelo kulesi simbiwa? Mhlawumbe ngoba ukhuluma ngakho encwadini yakhe ye-optics, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1704: idayimane lingaba uphethiloli okungenzeka. Abanye bacabanga ngakho kudala ngaphambi kwakhe, njengoBoes de Booth, umbhali wencwadi ethi " Umlando wamagugu ngo-1609. Usokhemisi wase-Ireland uRobert Boyle wenza ucwaningo ngo-1673: idayimane lanyamalala ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okukhulu kwesithando somlilo.

Imizamo efanayo iphindaphindwa yonke indawo, phambi kwezibukeli ezididekile.. Inani elikhulu lamadayimane lidlula esithandweni; izindleko ezimba eqolo zalokhu kuhlola azibatheni amandla abaxhasi abacebile abakuxhasayo. U-François de Habsburg, umyeni ka-Empress Marie-Therese, uxhasa ngezimali izivivinyo zokushiswa okuhlangene kwamadayimane namarubi. Amarubi kuphela alondoloziwe!

Ngo-1772, uLavoisier wathi idayimane liyisifaniso namalahle, kodwa " kungaba ubuwula ukweqisa kulesi sifaniso. .

Usokhemisi waseNgilandi uSmithson Tennant wabonisa ngo-1797 ukuthi idayimane idla umoya-mpilo ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwekhabhoni. Lapho idayimane livutha nomoya-mpilo osemkhathini, liphenduka libe isikhutha, njengoba kuhlanganiswe ikhabhoni kuphela ekwakhekeni kwalo.

Ingabe idayimane elijabulisayo liyoba amalahle kanokusho? Hhayi impela, ngoba livela emathunjini amakhulu omhlaba futhi singasho njengochwepheshe bezinto ezikhanyayo uJean-Étienne Guettard: “ imvelo ayidalanga lutho oluphelele kangangokuthi lungafaniswa .

amadayimane adumile

Kunamadayimane amaningi adumile, ngokuvamile aqanjwa ngomnikazi wawo: idayimane loMbusi waseRussia, ubukhulu beqanda lejuba, idayimane likaMbusi Omkhulu waseTuscany, elinombala kalamula kancane, kanye nedayimane le-Great Mogul, alizange litholakale, linesisindo sama-carats angu-280, kodwa linesici esincane. Ngezinye izikhathi aqokwa ngombala nendawo avela kuyo: I-Dresden eluhlaza, yokukhanya okuphakathi, kodwa enombala omuhle ojulile; Umbala obomvu waseRussia wathengwa nguTsar Paul I.

Enye edume kakhulu yi-Koh-I-Noor. Igama layo lisho "intaba yokukhanya". Le 105-carat emhlophe enokugqama okumpunga cishe ivela ezimayini ze-Parteal e-India. Umsuka wayo uthathwa njengowaphezulu njengoba ukutholakala kwawo kubuyela ezikhathini ezidumile zaseKrishna. Yamemezela ukuthi ingeyamaNgisi ngelungelo lokunqoba ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNdlovukazi uVictoria, ingabonakala igqoke Amagugu Obucwebe BaseBrithani eMbhoshongweni waseLondon.

Ukucaphuna osaziwayo abathathu baseFrance:

Sancy

Sancy noma Grand Sancy (UBo noma uPetit Sancy ungenye igugu). Le diamondi emhlophe engu-55,23 carat inamanzi akhethekile. Uvela e-East Indies.

UCharles the Bold waba umnikazi wokuqala owaziwayo ngaphambi kokuba atholwe yiNkosi yasePortugal. UNicholas Harlay de Sancy, umphathi wezezimali kaHenry IV, wayithenga ngo-1570. Yadayiselwa uJacques I waseNgilandi ngo-1604 yabe isibuyela eFrance, yathengwa uKhadinali Mazarin, owayishiyela uLouis XIV. Ibekwe phezu kwemiqhele kaLouis XV noLouis XVI. Ilahlekile ngesikhathi soguquko, etholwe eminyakeni emibili kamuva, yathengiswa kaningi ngaphambi kokuba ingeyomndeni wakwa-Astor. I-Louvre yasithenga ngo-1976.

France blue

France blue, ekuqaleni inesisindo samakharati angu-112, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokumnyama, ivela endaweni yaseGolconda, eNdiya.

UJean-Baptiste Tavernier wayidayisela uLouis XV ngo-1668. Lelidayimane elidumile liye lasinda ezikhathini eziyinkulungwane: ukweba, ukulahlekelwa, abanikazi abaningi basebukhosini nabacebile. Iphinde inqunywe izikhathi eziningana.

Umnikazi webhange waseLondon uHenry Hope wayithenga ngo-1824 futhi wayiqamba igama lakhe, ngaleyo ndlela wazuza udumo lwesibili nempilo yesibili. Manje inesisindo "kuphela" 45,52 carats. Ithemba manje seliyabonakala eSmithsonian Institution eWashington.

Le Regent

Le Regent, 426 carats rough, over 140 carats cut, white, ezimayini Partil, India.

Ubumsulwa nobukhulu bayo buyamangalisa, futhi evame ukubhekwa njengedayimane elihle kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ukusikwa kwayo okuhle kwenziwa e-England futhi kuzohlala iminyaka emibili.

URegent Philippe d'Orléans wayithenga ngo-1717 ngamaphawundi ayizigidi ezimbili, futhi eminyakeni emibili inani layo laphindeka kathathu. Okokuqala yayigqokwe uLouis XV, kwase kuba yibo bonke ababusi baseFrance kuze kufike ku-Empress Eugenie (yantshontshwa futhi yanyamalala unyaka ngesikhathi soguquko). Manje i-Regent ikhanya eLouvre.

Ubucwebe bedayimane bungabuye budume ngobuhle bayo, kodwa nakakhulu ngomlando wabo. Okunomsindo kakhulu, "Icala Lomgexo Wendlovukazi".

Ngo-1782, uMarie Antoinette wamelana ngokuhlakanipha nesilingo, wenqaba lo mgexo, owawuhlanganisa amadayimane angu-650 (2800 carats), ubuhlanya obunikezwa ngentengo emba eqolo! Eminyakeni embalwa, umkhonyovu omkhulu ekugcineni uzomfaka engozini. UNdlovukazi ube yisisulu sohlobo oluthile lokwebiwa komazisi.. Abanecala nabahambisana nabo bajeziswa ngendlela ehlukile. UMarie Antoinette umsulwa, kodwa ihlazo libhebhethekisa inzondo yabantu ngokungenakulungiseka. Ongakubona eSmithsonian eWashington akuwona umgexo weNdlovukazi, kodwa amacici edayimane okufanele ngabe awakhe.

amadayimane asezulwini

I-meteorite eyigugu

Ngo-May 1864, i-meteorite, mhlawumbe ucezu lwenkanyezi enomsila, yawela ensimini edolobhaneni lase-Orgay eTarn-et-Garonne. Imnyama, enentuthu futhi eyingilazi, inesisindo esingu-14 kg. Le chondrite engavamile kakhulu iqukethe ama-nanodiamonds. Amasampuli asafundwa emhlabeni jikelele. E-France, imisebenzi ikhonjiswa eminyuziyamu yomlando wemvelo waseParis naseMontauban.

iplanethi yedayimane

Le planethi enamatshe inegama eliqinile: 55 Cancri-e. Izazi zezinkanyezi zayithola ngo-2011 zathola ukuthi yakhiwe kakhulu ngamadayimane.

Ubukhulu obuphindwe kabili boMhlaba kanye nesisindo esiphindwe kasishiyagalolunye, akukona okwesimiso sonozungezilanga. Itholakala kumlaza Cancer, 40 light years away (1 light year = 9461 billion km).

Sesivele sicabange ngeplanethi ewumlingo ehlolwe u-Tintin, i-Snowball yakhe enesibindi, idlala phakathi kwama-stalagmite akhazimulayo amadayimane amakhulu. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka, kodwa iqiniso cishe alilihle kangako!

Izakhiwo kanye nezinzuzo zedayimane ku-lithotherapy

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, idayimane liwuphawu lokungaguquguquki, itshe lokubuyisana, ukwethembeka nothando lomshado. Ngisho nanamuhla, ngemva kweminyaka engu-60 sishadile, sigubha isikhumbuzo somshado wedayimane.

Idayimane ingumfelandawonye omuhle kakhulu we-lithotherapy, ngoba ngaphezu kwezimfanelo zayo, ithuthukisa ubuhle bamanye amatshe. Le ndima yokuqinisa evezwa amandla ayo edlulele kumele isetshenziswe ngokuqonda ngoba izophinde ikhulise amathonya amabi.

Idayimane elimhlophe (elisobala) lifanekisela ubumsulwa, ubumsulwa. Isenzo sayo sokuhlanza sivikela kumaza kagesi.

Izinzuzo Zedayimane Eziphikisana Nezifo Ezingokomzimba

• Ibhalansisa imetabolism.
• Isusa i-allergies.
• Ipholisa ukulunywa okunobuthi, ukuluma.
• Isiza ukwelapha izifo zamehlo.
• Ivuselela ukujikeleza kwegazi.
• Ikhuthaza ukulala okuhle, ixosha amaphupho amabi.

Izinzuzo zedayimane ze-psyche nobudlelwano

• Ikhuthaza impilo evumelanayo.
• Nika isibindi namandla.
• Iqeda ubuhlungu obungokomzwelo.
• Ikhulula ingcindezi futhi inikeze umuzwa wenhlalakahle.
• Letha ithemba.
• Iheha inala.
• Icacisa imicabango.
• Khulisa ubuhlakani.
• Ikhuthaza ukufunda, ukufunda.

Idayimane liletha ukuthula okujulile emphefumulweni, ngakho lihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko ne 7th chakra (sahasrara), i-chakra yomqhele ehlotshaniswa nokuqaphela okungokomoya.

Ukuhlanzwa kwedayimane nokushajwa kabusha

Ukuhlanza, amanzi anosawoti, ahlanjululwe noma ahlanjululwe ngamanzi aphelele kuye.

Idayimane linomthombo wamandla kangangokuthi ayidingi ukushajwa kabusha okukhethekile.

Ukucaciswa okukodwa kokugcina: "idayimane likaHerkimer" elivame ukubizwa ngalo ku-lithotherapy aliyona idayimane. Lena i-quartz esobala kakhulu evela emayini ye-Herkimer e-USA.

Ingabe ube nenhlanhla yokuba umnikazi wedayimane? Ingabe ukwazile ukuzitholela wena ukufaneleka kwe-sublime mineral? Zizwe ukhululekile ukwabelana ngolwazi lwakho esigabeni samazwana ngezansi!