ukumba idayimane

Naphezu kokuthi idayimane elisikiwe libhekwa njengetshe elibiza kakhulu kulo lonke imboni yobucwebe, akuyona i-mineral engavamile. Imbiwa emazweni amaningi, kodwa inqubo yokukhipha ngokwayo ayibizi nje kuphela mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali, kodwa futhi iyingozi futhi inzima kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba amadayimane avele emashalofini ezitolo, “umzali” wabo uhamba ibanga elide kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi amashumi eminyaka.

Idiphozi yedayimane

Idayimane yakheka ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu (kusuka ku-1000 ° C) kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu (kusuka ku-35 kilobar). Kodwa isimo esiyinhloko sokwakheka kwayo ukujula, kufinyelela amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-120 ngaphansi komhlaba. Kungaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo lapho ukuqina kwe-crystal lattice kwenzeka, okungukuthi, empeleni, ukuqala kokubunjwa kwedayimane. Khona-ke, ngenxa yokuqhuma kwe-magma, amadiphozithi aphuma eduze komhlaba futhi atholakala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi amapayipi e-kimberlite. Kodwa ngisho nalapha indawo yazo ijulile ngaphansi koqweqwe lomhlaba. Umsebenzi wabafunayo, okokuqala, ukuthola amapayipi, bese beqhubeka nokumbiwa.

Izimayini zenziwa amazwe angaba ngu-35 atholakala emazwenikazi azinzile ngokwezwe. Amadiphozithi athembisa kakhulu ase-Afrika, eRussia, eNdiya, eBrazil nasenyakatho yeMelika.

Indlela amadayimane ambiwa ngayo

Indlela edume kakhulu yezimayini ukumba inkwali. Iyambiwa, ibhobolwe imigodi, kufakwe iziqhumane kuzo bese kuqhunyiswa kuvele amapayipi e-kimberlite. Itshe eliwumphumela lihanjiswa ukuze licutshungulwe ezindaweni zokucubungula ukuze kutholwe amagugu. Ukujula kwezinkwali ngezinye izikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu - kufika kumamitha angu-500 noma ngaphezulu. Uma amapayipi e-kimberlite engatholakalanga enkwalini, khona-ke imisebenzi iyaqedwa futhi inkwali ivaliwe, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubheka amadayimane ajulile.

Uma amapayipi e-kimberlite etholakala ekujuleni okungaphezu kwama-500 m, khona-ke kulokhu kusetshenziswa enye indlela elula yokukhipha - imayini. Kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi, kodwa, njengomthetho, ukunqoba kakhulu. Lena indlela esetshenziswa yiwo wonke amazwe akhiqiza idayimane.

Isigaba esilandelayo, esingabalulekile kangako ezimayini ukukhishwa kwetshe eliyigugu ensimbini. Kulokhu, izindlela ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa:

1. Ukufakwa kwamafutha. Idwala elithuthukisiwe libekwe phezu kwetafula elimbozwe ungqimba lwamafutha, nomfudlana wamanzi. Amadayimane anamathela esisekelweni samafutha, futhi amanzi aphephula idwala lemfucuza.
2. I-X-ray. Lena indlela eyenziwa mathupha yokuthola amaminerali. Njengoba ikhanya kuma-X-ray, iyatholakala futhi ihlungwe ngesandla kusukela ohlotsheni.
3. Ukumiswa kokuminyana okuphezulu. Wonke amadwala asetshenzisiwe aswakanyiswa ngesixazululo esikhethekile. I-Waste rock iya phansi, futhi amakristalu edayimane antanta phezulu.

Kukhona futhi indlela elula yokukhipha amadayimane, engabonwa kumafilimu amaningi afakiwe ohlotsheni lwe-adventure - kusuka kuma-placers. Uma ipayipi le-kimberlite libhujiswa yizimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, isichotho, imvula, isiphepho, khona-ke amagugu, kanye nesihlabathi namatshe, kuya ezinyaweni. Singasho ukuthi kulokhu bamane balale phezu komhlaba. Kulesi simo, ukusefa okulula kwamadwala kusetshenziselwa ukubona amaminerali. Kodwa izimo ezinjalo, esizibona kaningi ezikrinini ze-TV, azivamile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukumba idayimane kusaqhutshwa ngezinga lezimboni, ezibucayi kakhulu.