I-Forsterite Mg2SiO4
Okuqukethwe:
Thenga amatshe emvelo esitolo sethu
amaminerali forsterite
Iyingxenye yokugcina ecebile nge-magnesium yochungechunge lwesisombululo esiqinile se-olivine. I-fayalite ene-isomorphic kuya ku-iron-rich rich fayalite ecwebezelwe ngendlela ye-orthorhombic.
Besilokhu sikholelwa ukuthi i-forsterite ihlotshaniswa namadwala angenayo igneous kanye ne-metamorphic. Siyithole nakuma-meteorite. Ngo-2005, iphinde yatholakala othulini lwe-cometary olubuyiswe yi-Stardust probe. Ngo-2011, kwabonwa njengamakristalu amancane emafwini egesi anothuli azungeze inkanyezi evelayo.
Kunama-polymorphs amabili aleli tshe. I-Wadsleyite, i-rhombic, njenge-ringwoodite, isometric. Zombili ziphuma ikakhulukazi kuma-meteorite.
I-crystal ehlanzekile i-magnesium, kanye ne-oxygen ne-silicon. Ifomula yekhemikhali Mg2SiO4. I-Forsterite, i-fayalite Fe2SiO4 kanye ne-tephroite Mn2SiO4 amalungu okugcina ochungechunge lwesisombululo se-olivine. Ezinye izakhi ezifana ne-Ni ne-Ca zithatha indawo ka-Fe kanye ne-Mg kuma-olivini. Kodwa kuphela ngezilinganiso ezincane ezimweni zemvelo.
Amanye amaminerali afana ne-monticellite CaMgSiO4. I-mineral engavamile ecebile nge-calcium inesakhiwo se-olivine. Kodwa kunesilinganiso esincane sesisombululo esiqinile phakathi kwe-olivine nalawa amanye amaminerali. Singathola i-monticellite ithintana nama-dolomite aguquliwe.
Ukubunjwa kwe-Forsterite: Mg2SiO4
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ikakhulukazi i-anion SiO44- ne-cation Mg2+ ngesilinganiso se-molar esingu-1:2. I-Silicon iyi-athomu emaphakathi ye-SiO44- anion. I-covalent bond eyodwa ixhumanisa i-athomu ngayinye yomoya-mpilo ne-silicon. Ama-athomu amane omoya-mpilo ashajwe kabi kancane.
Ngenxa yesibopho sokubambisana ne-silicon. Ngakho-ke, ama-athomu omoya-mpilo kumelwe abe kude. Ukunciphisa amandla okuphikisa phakathi kwabo. Ijiyomethri engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukuphindisela ukuma kwe-tetrahedral.
Lokhu kwachazwa okokuqala ngo-1824 ngecala entabeni. Somma, Vesuvius, Italy. Igama layo livela kusazi semvelo saseNgilandi kanye nomqoqi wezimbiwa u-Adolarius Jacob Forster.
Njengamanje itshe lisaphenywa njenge-biomaterial engaba khona yokufakelwa. Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini.
Izici Gemological
- Isigaba: i-mesosilicates
- Ifomula: i-magnesium silicate (Mg2SiO4)
- Isistimu yekristalu yedayimane
- I-Crystal class: i-dipyramidal
- Umbala: ongenambala, oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, ophuzi-luhlaza, omhlophe;
- Ukuma kwamakristalu: amaprism e-dipyramidal, avame ukuba yi-tabular, ngokuvamile ayimbudumbudu noma ahlangene, amakhulu.
- Ukusebenzisana okukabili: {100}, {011} kanye ne-{012}
- I-Neckline: ilungele {010} engaphelele{100}
- Ukuphuka: conchoidal
- Ubulukhuni be-Mohs: 7
- I-Luster: i-vitreous
- Umthende: omhlophe
- Ukungafihli: kukhanya kuya kokuguquguqukayo
- Amandla adonsela phansi athile: 3.21 - 3.33
- Izakhiwo zokubuka: i-biaxial (+)
- Inkomba ye-refractive: nα = 1.636 – 1.730 nβ = 1.650 – 1.739 nγ = 1.669 – 1.772
- I-Birefringence: δ = 0.033–0.042
- I-engeli 2B: 82°
- Indawo yokuncibilika: 1890°C
incazelo ye-forsterite kanye nezakhiwo zokwelapha, izinzuzo ze-metaphysical
Ingxenye elandelayo ingeyesayensi mbumbulu futhi isekelwe ezinkolelweni zamasiko.
Ikristalu inencazelo kanye nezindawo zokuphulukisa zamanxeba adlule. Kuyitshe eliyigugu elinamandla okuphulukisa aqinile. Lokhu kuzoqeda ubuhlungu obungapheli kusukela esikhathini esidlule. Kukunika namandla okubheka ikusasa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yiziphi izicelo ze-forsterite?
Njengamatshe ayigugu okusetshenziswa ezimbonini njengezihlabathi eziphikisayo nama-abrasives, i-magnesium ore kanye nezibonelo zamaminerali. Ikristalu iqanjwe ngesazi semvelo saseJalimane uJohann Forster. Ingenye yamaminerali amabili abizwa nje ngokuthi i-olivine. I-mineral yesibili i-fayalite.
Uyini umehluko ku-fayalite?
I-Fayalite iyidwala elicebile ngensimbi enefomula ehlanzekile ethi Fe2SiO4. I-Forsterite iyisithako esicebile nge-magnesium enefomula ehlanzekile ye-Mg2SiO4. Uma kungenjalo, kunzima ukuwahlukanisa, futhi cishe wonke amasampula alawa mamineral amabili aqukethe kokubili insimbi ne-magnesium.
Imayini i-forsterite?
Itshe livame ukutholakala kuma-dunites, ama-gabbra, ama-diabases, ama-basalts nama-trachytes. Amanani amancane e-fayalite akhona emadwaleni amaningi e-volcanic lapho i-sodium ivame kakhulu kune-potassium. Lawa maminerali atholakala futhi kuma-dolomitic limestones, emabula, kanye nama-metamorphoses anothe ngensimbi.
Ungabala kanjani okuqukethwe kwe-olivine ku-forsterite?
Isakhiwo sokuqukethwe kwe-olivine-forsterite (Fo = 100 * Mg / (ingqikithi ye-Mg + Fe), izilinganiso zama-cations) uma kuqhathaniswa nenani le-Ca cations (ifomula yamaminerali esekelwe kuma-athomu amane omoya-mpilo).
shiya impendulo