Izakhiwo kanye nezinzuzo ze-hematite

Okuvame kakhulu eMhlabeni, i-hematite itholakala ngobuningi ku-Mars. Ngendlela yempushana ebomvu, imbala iplanethi yonke. Kunezifunda ze-Mars ezimbozwe ama-hematites ngendlela yamakristalu amakhulu e-metallic grey, futhi ososayensi bayazibuza, ngoba kaningi, yilesi sici se-mineralogical esidinga ukuchayeka emanzini ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwawo. Khona-ke indlela yokuphila yasendulo, isitshalo, isilwane noma enye into kungenzeka...

I-Hematite, mhlawumbe ebonisa ukuphila ku-Mars, ihambisane nenqubekelaphambili yesintu sasemhlabeni kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambili zomlando. Kuyadumaza ngezindlela eziningi," ake ngenze okuthile ingaba namaxolo noma ithambe kakhulu, ibe buthuntu noma icwebezele. Imibala yayo nayo iyasikhohlisa njengomlilo ngaphansi komlotha, okubomvu kuvame ukufihlwa ngemuva kokumpunga nokumnyama.

Ubucwebe nezinto ezenziwe nge-hematite

Izici ze-mineralogical ze-hematite

I-Hematite, eyakhiwe umoya-mpilo nensimbi, iyi-oxide. Ngakho-ke, ihambisana namarubi ahloniphekile namasafire, kodwa ayinawo umsuka ofanayo noma ukutholakala okufanayo. Insimbi evamile kakhulu. Isuka emadwaleni e-sedimentary, emadwaleni e-metamorphic (isakhiwo esishintshile ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukucindezela okukhulu), ezindaweni ezishisayo, noma kuma-fumaroles entaba-mlilo. Okuqukethwe kwe-iron kuyo kuncane kancane kunaleyo ye-magnetite, ingafinyelela ku-70%.

Ubulukhuni be-hematite buphakathi (kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-6 esikalini samaphuzu angu-10). Ayinamanzi futhi imelana kahle nama-asidi. Ukusuka kokufiphele ukuya kokucwebezela kwensimbi, inokubonakala okufiphele okuvamise ukumpunga, okumnyama, noma okunsundu, kwesinye isikhathi kuhambisane nokubonakala okubomvu. Izinhlobo ezisanhlamvu ezicolekile, okubomvu kakhulu kukhona.

Lesi sici sivezwa lapho kubukwa umugqa we-hematite, okungukuthi, umkhondo oshiywe ngemuva kokungqubuzana ku-porcelain eluhlaza (uhlangothi olungemuva lwethayela). Kungakhathaliseki umbala, i-hematite ihlale ishiya i-cherry ebomvu noma ebomvu ebomvu. Lolu phawu lumkhomba ngokuqiniseka.

I-Hematite, ngokungafani ne-magnetite ebizwa ngokufanelekile, ayikazibuthe, kodwa ingaba yizibuthe ebuthaka lapho ishiswa. Amatshe abizwa ngephutha ngokuthi "magnetic hematites" empeleni "ama-hematines" atholakala ekwakhiweni okwenziwe ngokuphelele.

apparence

Ukubonakala kwe-hematite kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuya ngezici ezihlobene nokwakheka kwayo, indawo yayo, nezinga lokushisa elikhona ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwayo. Sibheka amapuleti amancane noma awugqinsi, ubuningi bembudumbudu, amakholomu, amakristalu amafushane, njll. Amanye amafomu akhethekile kangangokuthi anegama lawo:

• URosa de Fer: i-hematite ye-micaceous emise okwe-rosette, i-scaly aggregate emangalisayo neyivelakancane.
• I-Speccularity: i-hematite efana nesibuko, ukubukeka kwayo kwe-lenticular ecwebezelayo kukhombisa ukukhanya.
• Isazi sezenkolo: amakristalu athuthukiswe kahle, amaminerali okuhlobisa ekhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
• I-ocher ebomvu: ifomu lobumba nelomhlaba ngendlela yezinhlamvu ezincane nezithambile, ezisetshenziswa njenge-pigment kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambili.

Ukufakwa kwe-hematite kwamanye amatshe afana ne-rutile, i-jasper noma i-quartz kunikeza umphumela omangalisayo futhi kufunwa kakhulu. Siyazi futhi i-heliolite enhle, ebizwa nge-sunstone, ekhazimulayo ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-hematite flakes.

I-Provenance

Amakristalu amakhulu kakhulu futhi amangalisa kakhulu e-hematite ambiwa eBrazil. Abavukuzi bathole inhlanganisela engavamile ye-hematite emnyama ne-yellow rutile e-Itabira, e-Minas Gerais. Kukhona ne-itabirite engavamile kakhulu, okuyi-mica schist lapho ama-mica flakes athathelwa indawo yi-hematite.

Ezinye izindawo ezikhiqiza kakhulu noma eziphawulekayo zifaka: INyakatho Melika (Michigan, Minnesota, Lake Superior), Venezuela, South Africa, Liberia, Australia, New Zealand, China, Bangladesh, India, Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, Italy (Elba Island), Switzerland (St. Gotthard), France ( Puis de la Tache, Auvergne. Framont-Grandfontaine, Vosges. Bourg-d'Oisans, Alps).

Etymology kanye nencazelo yegama elithi "hematite".

Igama layo livela kwelesiLatini ama-hematites ngokwalo livela esiGrekini. Amanyikwe (ecula). Leli gama, yiqiniso, libhekisela kumbala obomvu wempushane yawo, ombala amanzi futhi uwenze abukeke njengegazi. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-hematite ijoyina umndeni omkhulu wamagama afana nalawa: i-hematoma, i-hemophilia, ukopha nezinye i-hemoglobin…

NgesiFulentshi ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi kalula itshe legazi. NgesiJalimane, i-hematite ibizwa nangokuthi bloodstein. IsiNgisi esilinganayo i-heliotrope kubekelwei-heliotrope, siyithola ngaphansi kwethemu i-hematite emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi.

Ama-lapidaries eNkathi Ephakathi ayembiza ngokuthi "i-hematite"noma ngezinye izikhathi"ubuthandangakho-ke ukudideka nge-amethyst kungenzeka. Kamuva labizwa ngokuthi itshe le-hematite.

Amabhati i-oligarch, evame ukugcinelwa i-hematite kumakristalu amakhulu, yayivame ukusetshenziswa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX ukubhekisela ku-hematite ngokuvamile. URené-Just Gahuy, isazi esidumile se-mineralogist, wasinikeza leli gama, elisuselwa olimini lwesiGreki. isazi senkolo, okusho ukuthi " kancane ". Ingabe lokhu kuyinkomba enanini lezinhlayiya zekristalu noma okuqukethwe kwayo kwensimbi? Imibono yahlukaniswa.

I-Hematite emlandweni

Ngaphambili

Abaculi bokuqala yi-Homo sapiens, kanti opende bokuqala ba-ocher. Esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, i-hematite ngendlela ye-ocher ebomvu yayisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa umzimba. Isifiso sokudweba kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwakho noma izihlobo zomuntu savela ngokuthuthuka kwesu: amatshe okuchotshozwa nokuwancibilikisa emanzini noma emafutheni.

Inyathi nenyamazane emgedeni waseChauvet (cishe iminyaka engu-30.000 ubudala) kanye noMgede waseLascaux (oneminyaka engaba ngu-20.000 ubudala) kudwetshiwe futhi kupendwe nge-ocher ebomvu. Ivunwa noma itholwe ngokushisa i-goethite, i-ocher ephuzi evame kakhulu. Izimayini zokuqala ze-hematite zaxhashazwa kamuva, cishe eminyakeni eyi-10.000 edlule.

Empucukweni yasePheresiya, yaseBabiloni naseGibhithe

Impucuko yasePheresiya neyaseBhabhiloni yayisebenzisa i-hematite empunga futhi cishe yathi yayinamandla omlingo kuyo. ngenxa yalokhu amasilinda-ama-mascots avame ukwenziwa. Ikakhulukazi, kutholwe amasilinda amancane asukela ku-4.000 BC. Aqoshwe ngezimpawu ze-cuneiform, agwazwa eduze kwe-axis ukuze agqoke entanyeni.

AbaseGibhithe babeqopha i-hematite futhi bayibheka njengetshe eliyigugu., amakristalu amahle kakhulu ambiwa osebeni lweNayile nasezimayini zaseNubia. Abesifazane baseGibhithe abacebile baqopha izibuko nge-hematite ecwebezelayo futhi bapende izindebe zabo nge-ocher ebomvu. I-Hematite powder iphinde igweme imiphumela evamile engadingeki: izifo, izitha nemimoya emibi. Sasakaza yonke indawo, kungcono phambi kweminyango.

I-hematite ehlanjululwe iwukwehla kwamehlo okuhle kakhulu. Umdwebo ovela ethuneni laseDeir el-Medina eThebes ubonisa indawo yokwakhiwa kwethempeli. Sibona isisebenzi esilimele esweni silashwa udokotela ngamaflask akhe nezinsimbi. Esebenzisa i-stylus, usosayensi ufaka iso le-hematite elibomvu esweni lesiguli.

Emandulo yamaGreki namaRoma

AmaGreki namaRoma athi izimfanelo ezifanayo ku-hematite, njengoba beyisebenzisa efomini elichotshoziwe "ukuze banciphise ukuxubha kwamehlo." Le ndawo ephindaphindayo, ebizwa nge-hematite emandulo, ingase ilandelelwe emuva kunganekwane yetshe elihle elibizwa ngokuthi. i-lapis uju (Itshe leMedes). AmaMede, impucuko yasendulo eseduze namaPheresiya, kumelwe ukuba ayene-hematite eluhlaza ngokuyisimangaliso ekwazi ukubuyisela ukubona kwezimpumputhe futhi elapha i-gout ngokuyicwilisa obisini lwezimvu.

I-pulverized hematite iphinde yelapha ukusha, isifo sesibindi, futhi ibonakala inenzuzo kwabalimele abopha enkundleni yempi. Isetshenziswa ngaphakathi ngendlela yeviniga ye-hemoptysis, izifo ze-spleen, ukopha kwe-gynecological, kanye ngokumelene nobuthi nokulunywa yinyoka.

I-Hematite izoletha nezinye izinzuzo ezingalindelekile. Yavula izicupho zamaqaba kusenesikhathi, yangenelela kahle ezicelweni ezibhekiswe kumakhosana, futhi yaqinisekisa umphumela omuhle ezinkantolo nasezinkantolo.

Imibala ye-ocher pigment ebomvu amathempeli amaGreki kanye nemidwebo ehlonishwa kakhulu. AmaRoma ayeyibiza ngokuthi irubrikhi (maphakathi neFrance yayibizwa nangokuthi irubriki isikhathi eside kakhulu). UTheophrastus, umfundi ka-Aristotle, uchaza i-hematite " ukungaguquguquki okuminyene nokuqinile, okuthi, ukwahlulela ngegama, kuqukethe igazi elinegazi. ", usale U-Virgil no-Pliny bagubha ubuhle nokuchichima kwama-hematite avela e-Ethiopia nasesiqhingini sase-Elba.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, i-hematite eyimpuphu yayivame ukusetshenziswa ekubunjweni kohlobo olukhethekile lwepende - i-grisaille. Amafasitela engilazi anebala, imisebenzi yobuciko yamakhathedrali ethu e-Gothic namasonto, enziwe ngalo pende wengilazi. Ukukhula kwawo kucashile futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa uma sikubeka kalula, kuyingxube ye-pigment eyimpuphu kanye nengilazi ye-fusible, futhi ibe yimpushana, eboshwe uketshezi (iwayini, uviniga, noma ngisho nomchamo).

Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ama-workshops abelokhu enza umbala omusha wengilazi, osuselwe ngokukhethekile ku-hematite, isanguine "Jean Cousin", esetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala ebusweni babalingiswa. Kamuva, kwenziwa amakhrayoni namapensela kuwo, ayethandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi seRenaissance. ULeonardo da Vinci wazisebenzisa emsebenzini wakhe wokulungiselela, futhi ngisho nanamuhla, ushoki obomvu uhlonishwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuhunyushwa okuhle kwezithombe ezinhle nomoya ofudumele ophuma kuzo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinzima ze-hematite zisetshenziselwa ukupholisha izinsimbi, kubizwa ngokuthi "itshe lokupholisha".

UJean de Mandeville, umbhali we-workshop yekhulu le-XNUMX, usitshela ngezinye izimfanelo ze-hematite. Kukhona ukuqhubeka nezinkomba ze-hematite ku-Antiquity:

« Itshe elibomvu elingaphansi lombala wensimbi elinenhlanganisela yemivimbo yegazi. Senza i-esmoult les cuteaulx (ukulola ummese), senza utshwala obuhle kakhulu be-esclarsir la veüe (umbono). Impushana yaleli tshe enamanzi e-beüe (aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) yelapha labo abahlanza igazi ngomlomo. Isebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni ne-gout, yenza abesifazane abakhuluphele bathwale izingane zabo kuze kube yisikhathi, yelapha i-emoroid esophayo, ilawula ukugobhoza kwabesifazane (ukuya esikhathini okopha), iyasebenza ekulunyweni yizinyoka, futhi uma ukudakwa kuphumelela ngokumelene namatshe esinyeni. »

Namuhla

Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, uDuke de Chaulnes, isazi semvelo nosokhemisi, wasitshela ukuthi i-hematite yasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe- "Martian liqueur aperitif". Kukhona futhi i-hematite "i-styptic liquor" (i-astringent), "magisterium" (i-mineral potion), amafutha e-hematite namaphilisi!

Ithiphu lokugcina lokuthola izinzuzo zalo “ukuvutha kancane, amabhamuza ambalwa, kungabe kusaba khona. Bese iwashwa kaningi, ngisho noma ibingakaze ixoshwe ngoba kunomehluko wamandla nekhwalithi phakathi kwe-hematite egeziwe nengashiswanga.”

Izinzuzo kanye nezakhiwo ze-hematite ku-lithotherapy

I-Hematite, itshe legazi, alisebenzisi igama layo. I-iron oxide, eyingxenye yayo, iphinde ijikeleze egazini lethu futhi ifake umbala obomvu ekuphileni kwethu. Ukushoda kwe-iron kubangela i-anemia futhi kuletha ukukhathala, ukukhanya, ukulahlekelwa amandla. I-Hematite iyaziba lezi ziphutha, inamandla, ithoni namandla agcinwe. Inikeza impendulo kuzo zonke izifo zegazi futhi inikeza amanye amakhono amaningi awusizo kumongo we-lithotherapy.

Izinzuzo ze-Hematite Zokugula Okungokomzimba

I-Hematite isetshenziselwa i-lithotherapy ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokubuyisela, tonic kanye nokuhlanza. Kunconyelwe ikakhulukazi ukwelashwa izimo ezihlobene negazi, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, ukuvuselelwa kwamangqamuzana kanye nenqubo yokuphola ngokujwayelekile.

• Ilwa nokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi: imithambo ye-varicose, ama-hemorrhoids, isifo sikaRaynaud
• Ikhulula i-migraines nezinye izifo zekhanda
• Ilawula umfutho wegazi
• Ivuselela ukumuncwa kwe-iron (i-anemia)
• ihlanza igazi
• Iqeda ubuthi esibindini
• Ivula ukusebenza kwezinso
• Umphumela we-hemostatic (ukuya esikhathini esinzima, ukopha)
• Ikhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda nokuvuselelwa kwamaseli
• ixazulula i-hematomas
• Ipholisa izimpawu ze-spasmophilia (ukudlikizela, ukungahlaliseki)
• Ipholisa izinkinga zamehlo (ukucasuka, i-conjunctivitis)

Izinzuzo ze-hematite ze-psyche nobudlelwano

Itshe lokusekela nokuzwana, i-hematite isetshenziswa ku-lithotherapy ngenxa yemiphumela emihle ku-psyche emazingeni amaningi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthiIhambisana kahle kakhulu ne-Rose Quartz.

• Ibuyisela isibindi, amandla kanye nethemba
• Ikhuthaza ukuzazi wena nabanye
• Qinisa ukuqiniseka
• Kwandisa ukuzethemba kanye namandla
• Yehlisa amahloni abesifazane
• Kwandisa ukugxilisa ingqondo nenkumbulo
• Isiza ukutadisha izifundo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezibalo
• Isiza ukunqoba imilutha kanye nempoqo (ukubhema, utshwala, i-bulimia, njll.)
• Yehlisa ukuziphatha kokubusa nentukuthelo
• Ithoba ukwesaba futhi ikhuthaze ukulala okuzolile

I-Hematite ivumelanisa wonke ama-chakras, kunjalo ikakhulukazi ehlotshaniswa nama-chakra alandelayo: I-chakra rasina yokuqala (muladhara chakra), i-chakra engcwele yesibili (svadisthana chakra) kanye nenhliziyo yesine ye-chakra (anahata chakra).

Ukuhlanza nokushajwa kabusha

I-Hematite ihlanzwa ngokucwiliswa engilazini noma esitsheni sobumba esigcweleamanzi distilled noma kancane anosawoti. Uyalayisha kabusha elangeni noma eqoqweni le-quartz noma ngaphakathi i-amethyst geode.