I-Amber - iso eliphuzi lengwe

Mhlawumbe, bonke abantu bayazi inhlaka. Akusetshenziswanga kuphela ubucwebe kanye ne-haberdashery, kodwa futhi kwezokwelapha, imboni kanye nokusebenza kwezinkuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlaka ibuye idume ezindaweni ezingavamile - lithotherapy kanye nomlingo. Ngenxa yamandla ayo emvelo, isiza ukubhekana nezifo ezithile futhi ithonye impilo yomnikazi wayo, iqondise ngendlela enhle. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Incazelo

Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, inhlaka ayiyona imineral futhi ayiwakhi amakristalu. Eqinisweni, iyinhlaka eboshiwe, inhlaka ewugqinsi egqama ekusikeni kwezihlahla ze-coniferous zasendulo.

Umsuka

Phakathi ne-Antiquity, ososayensi abaningi babecabanga kuphela ukuthi umsuka waleli tshe uhlotshaniswa ne-resin. U-Aristotle, uTheofast, uPliny Omdala bakhuluma ngalokhu.

Kakade ngekhulu le-XNUMX, lokhu kwafakazelwa isazi semvelo nodokotela waseSweden uCarl Linnaeus kanye nososayensi wemvelo waseRussia uMikhail Lomonosov. Yibo abaqinisekisa ukuthi inhlaka iyinhlaka yezihlahla ze-coniferous zasendulo.

Ngo-1807, isazi samakhemikhali saseRussia, isazi se-mineralogist, isazi sokuma komhlaba, isazi se-Imperial Academy of Sciences uVasily Severegin sinikeze ngokusemthethweni incazelo yesayensi, imvelaphi nokuhlukaniswa kwe-amber.

Etymology

Igama letshe linamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo.

Isibonelo, "igama" lesiFulentshi le-amber - ambre - livela kwelesi-Arabhu elithi ʿanbar. Iqembu labantu beqembu lamaSemite ethno-linguistic abahlala emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNyakatho Afrika babezwela kakhulu etsheni: babekholelwa ukuthi kwakungamazolo awile ezulwini futhi aqina.

AmaJalimane abiza u-amber Bernstein, okusho ukuthi "itshe elivuthayo". Lokhu kunengqondo impela - impahla ivutha ngokushesha futhi idala ilangabi elihle, kuyilapho ikhipha iphunga elimnandi. Leli gama lisabalale nasezindaweni zamanye amazwe, njengeBelarus ne-Ukraine. Lapho itshe lathola "igama" elithi burshtyn.

AmaGreki asendulo ayenesithakazelo etsheni ngekhono lalo lokufaka ugesi. Babiza ukwakheka nge-electron. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lona kanye igama elithi "ugesi" livela kuleli gama - ἤλεκτρον. Ngendlela, eRussia yasendulo, i-amber yayinegama elifanayo, kodwa isipelingi esihluke kancane - kagesi noma i-electron. 

Nokho, lona kanye igama elithi "amber" cishe waboleka kusukela Lithuanians - gintaras.

izici Main

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inhlaka ayiyona iminerali, ayiwakhi amakristalu. Ngasikhathi sinye, inezici ezinhle ezikuvumela ukuthi udale ubucwebe obuhlukahlukene, izinto zokuhlobisa, izinkinobho, ubuhlalu, nokuningi ngayo.

• ama-shades - kusuka kuphuzi ophuzi kuya ku-brownish; obomvu, ngezinye izikhathi ongenambala, u-milky white, nokuchichima okuluhlaza;
• ukukhanya - i-resinous;
• ubulukhuni obuphansi - 2-2,5;
• kufakwe ugesi ngokungqubuzana;
• ivutha ngokushesha;
• lapho usebenzisana ne-oxygen, i-oxidized, okufaka isandla ekushintsheni hhayi emthunzini kuphela, kodwa nasekubunjweni.

Izinhlobo

Inhlaka inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Okokuqala, ihlukaniswe yaba i-fossil kanye ne-semi-fossil. Izakhiwo zalezi zinhlobo zinqunywa ngokuyinhloko yizimo nesikhathi sokuvela kwazo.

Okwesibili, umbandela obalulekile wokuhlukanisa inombolo yobuthakathaka. Ibalwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile - imitha ye-microhardness, ibalwa ngamagremu, futhi ihluka kusuka kumingcele ethile.

Okwesithathu, inhlaka nayo ingaba nokungafihli okuhlukile, okuhlotshaniswa nokuhlangana okungalingani kwama-voids emzimbeni wayo. Ngalesi sisekelo, itshe lizobizwa ngokuhlukile:

• obala - ukungabi khona kwe-voids, ikhwalithi ephezulu yetshe;
• amafu - translucent;
• i-bastard - i-opaque;
• ithambo - opaque, okukhumbuza izinyo lendlovu ngombala;
• foamy - opaque, umthunzi - abilayo amhlophe.

Inhlaka iphinde ihlukaniseke ngombala wayo. Ngokumangalisayo, itshe lingapenda ngokuphelele noma yimuphi umthunzi ovela ku-spectrum. Konke kuncike ezimweni, kanye nokuba khona kokungcola okuhlukahlukene ku-resin. Ngokwesibonelo, ulwelwe lungalwenza lube luhlaza okotshani, amaminerali athile ahambisana nalo “lwenze” libe nombala osiliva, futhi isihlabathi senza itshe libe mnyama kancane bese senza inhlaka ibe bomvu ngokubomvu.

Imali

Eqinisweni, ama-amber deposits angahlukaniswa ngokwemibandela ngamaqembu: ezomlando nezanamuhla.

Ezomlando

Ekuqaleni, i-resin eqinile yezihlahla ze-coniferous yatholakala enhlonhlweni yaseJutland (iDenmark yanamuhla), kodwa idiphozi yaphela ngokushesha. Khona-ke abathengisi baqala ukuphendukela ku-Amber Coast - igama lendabuko logwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yoLwandle iBaltic, elisengxenyeni esentshonalanga yesifunda saseKaliningrad yaseRussia.

Emhlabeni

Kunezifundazwe ezimbili ezinkulu ezithwala inhlaka emhlabeni:

• I-Eurasian, kuhlanganise ne-Ukraine, iRussia, i-Italy, iMyanmar, i-Indonesia, isiqhingi saseSri Lanka;
• American - Dominican Republic, Mexico, North America, Greenland.

Свойства

I-amber iyitshe eliyigugu futhi umphumela walo emzimbeni womuntu uqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi.

imilingo

I-amber iwuphawu lwenhlanhla nokuphila isikhathi eside. Izici zayo zemilingo zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho, zihlanganisa:

• ivikela umniniyo ezinkingeni, ezingozini, nakunoma ibuphi ubuthakathi (iso elibi, umonakalo, ukupela kothando, isiqalekiso);
• yembula amakhono okudala, igcwalisa ugqozi nesifiso sokudala;
• kuthuthukisa intuition nokuqonda;
• ikusiza ukufeza izinhloso zakho;
• kuletha inhlanhla, inhlanhla, injabulo, ithemba;
• ithinta kahle abesifazane abakhulelwe, isiza ekubelethweni;
• uyesaba imimoya emibi;
• ivikela imibhangqwana eshadile ekuhlebeni, emoneni, ekukhapheleni nasekungabonini kahle.

Ezokwelapha

Kunezinganekwane kuphela mayelana nezakhiwo zokuphulukisa ze-amber. Ngokuphawulekayo, lo mphumela sekuyisikhathi eside ufakazelwa ngokwesayensi futhi usetshenziswa ngempumelelo ochwepheshe bemithi engeyona yendabuko - ama-lithotherapists.

Kukholakala ukuthi azikho izifo ezinjalo i-amber engakwazi ukuyiqeda, futhi lesi sitatimende sibalulekile namuhla. Ngakho, izici zayo zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• kuqeda ubuhlungu bekhanda nezinyo;
• ithinta kahle umsebenzi wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi;
• isiza ngezifo ezihlangene, imithambo ye-varicose;
• imisa inqubo ye-hemolysis;
• ithuthukisa imetabolism, uhlelo lokugaya ukudla;
• kuthinta kahle isimiso sezinzwa, izinso, amathumbu;
• iqeda ukucindezeleka futhi ibushelelezi imiphumela yayo;
• ivikela imikhuhlane, umkhuhlane;
• ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda kanye nomphumela wokuvuselela;
• kugcwalisa amaseli nge-oxygen;
• ibambezela inqubo yokuguga yesikhumba;
• ezinganeni - kusiza inqubo yokukhipha amazinyo, ithuthukise impilo.

Isithako esiyinhloko esisebenzayo yi-succinic acid, eyaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo.

Isicelo

Izindawo zokusetshenziswa kwe-amber zihluke kakhulu:

• Imboni yobucwebe. Ukwenza ubucwebe obuhlukahlukene: ubuhlalu, izindandatho, amacici, ama-brooches, imihlobiso elengayo, namasongo nokunye okuningi. Ngezinye izikhathi izinambuzane, izimpaphe zifakwe etsheni, ama-bubbles adalwe ngaphakathi - imikhiqizo enjalo ibukeka ingokoqobo futhi inhle kakhulu.
• I-Haberdashery - izinkinobho, ama-combs, izikhonkwane zezinwele, amabhokisi empushana, okufakwa kumabhande, izikhwama, izikhwama, amapotimende.
• Umuthi. Ukukhiqizwa kwezitsha zezokwelapha, izinsimbi. Ukusetshenziswa okudumile ku-cosmetology.
• Ukucubungula izinkuni. I-lacquer esekelwe ku-amber yayisetshenziswa njengesiphetho sokhuni. "Zazigcinwe" indawo yemikhumbi, ifenisha, izinsimbi zomculo.
• Ezolimo. Kulokhu, i-succinic acid isetshenziswa. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha imbewu ukwenza ngcono isivuno kanye nokuhluma njengesikhuthazi se-biogenic.
• Imfuyo nezinkukhu - ngendlela yokwengeza ukudla.
• Izinto ezihlukahlukene zasendlini - iziqukathi, izinti zamakhandlela, izitsha, i-chess, amabhokisi, imifanekiso, amawashi, izibuko. Izithombe nezithonjana nazo zifekethisiwe ngamatshe.

Ubani ofanele uphawu lwe-zodiac

Ngokusho kwezazi zezinkanyezi, i-amber inhle kakhulu ngezibonakaliso zoMlilo - Leo, Sagittarius, Aries. Akunconywa ukugqoka imikhiqizo ngetshe kuphela i-Taurus.

Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi iziphazamiso zomuntu siqu nama-talismans ane-insert ye-resin eqinile akufanele zinikezwe abantu abangabazi ukuze umkhiqizo ungalahlekelwa amandla awo.